Alloy surface activation by immersion in aqueous acid solution
A process for surface activation or depassivation of an article, in particular an alloy, by immersion of the alloy in an aqueous acid solution. The surface activation methods of the present invention can be performed during a relatively short period of time and achieve reductions in production costs and provide environmental friendliness as compared to prior art processes. In a further embodiment, after surface activation, the article is immersed in a second liquid that prevents re-formation of a passivating oxide layer on the surface of the article. In a further embodiment the surface-activated alloys are subjected to surface engineering by a process that infuses carbon or nitrogen through the surface at a temperature sufficiently low to suppress precipitation of carbides or nitrides.
1. A process for preventing oxidation of a surface of an alloy article, comprising the steps of:
activating at least one surface portion of an alloy article with an aqueous acid solution having an acid pH range of from +4 to −1, wherein the acid of the acid solution is only one of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid, wherein the alloy article comprises one or more of stainless steel, a nickel-base alloy, a cobalt-base alloy, and a titanium-base alloy; and
immersing the at least one surface portion of the alloy article with a solution consisting essentially of an alcohol thereby coating the at least one surface portion of the activated alloy article with the solution consisting essentially of an alcohol after the activating step and prior to formation of a passivating layer on the at least one surface portion; and
transferring the coated alloy article contacted with the solution consisting essentially of an alcohol to a furnace and evaporating the solution consisting essentially of the alcohol from the at least one surface portion of the alloy article by heating in one or more of a carburization and nitridation process on the alloy article in the furnace.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the activating step takes place outside of the furnace, which is capable of colossal supersaturation processing.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol comprises ethanol.
4. A process for activating a surface of an alloy article, comprising the steps of:
obtaining an article comprising an alloy that comprises one or more of a stainless steel, a nickel-base alloy, a cobalt-base alloy, and a titanium-base alloy;
activating at least one surface of the article with an aqueous acid solution, wherein the aqueous acid solution has an acid pH range from about +4 to about −1, wherein the acid of the acid solution is only one of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid; and
moving the article from the aqueous acid solution and placing the article in a second liquid solution comprising an alcohol, wherein the second liquid solution is a liquid having a boiling point that ranges from about 50 to about 500° C. that allows the second liquid solution to evaporate upon heating in one or more of a carburization and nitridation process; and
transferring the article coated with the second liquid solution to a processing furnace and evaporating the second liquid solution from the at least one surface of the article by heating during the one or more of a carburization and nitridation process on the alloy article in the furnace.
5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the second liquid solution further comprises one or more of a fatty acid, an oil, and water.
6. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the activating step takes place outside of the furnace.
7. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the alcohol comprises ethanol.