Settable compositions comprising remediated fly ash (RFA) and methods of cementing in subterranean formations
Some embodiments of the present invention comprise a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a well bore, the settable composition comprising RFA, hydraulic cement, and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a well bore, the settable composition comprising RFA, calcium hydroxide (lime), and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a settable composition comprising: RFA, hydraulic cement, calcium hydroxide, natural pozzolan and water; and allowing the composition to set. Other embodiments comprise a settable composition comprising RFA and any combination of hydraulic cement, calcium hydroxide, slag, fly ash, and natural or other pozzolan.
1. A settable composition for cementing, the settable composition comprising (a) remediated fly ash, (b) cement and/or calcium hydroxide, and (c) optionally water, wherein said remediated fly ash contains fly ash and a natural pozzolan, wherein said natural pozzolan is present in said remediated fly ash in a concentration of about 1wt % to about 99wt %, and wherein said remediated fly ash is certified under ASTM C618, ASTM C1697, and/or AASHTO M295 as a Class C pozzolan or a Class F pozzolan.
2. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said natural pozzolan is a pozzolanic ash.
3. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said natural pozzolan is derived from pumice, perlite, ignimbrites, or any other volcanic material.
4. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said natural pozzolan is selected from the group consisting of pumice, pumicite, perlite, volcanic ash, metakaolin, diatomaceous earth, silica fume, precipitated silica, colloidal silica, ignimbrites, vitrified calcium alumino-silicates, ground waste glass, calcined shale, calcined clay, zeolites, and combinations thereof.
5. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said remediated fly ash is characterized in that at least 90% of particles of said remediated fly ash pass a 325-mesh screen.
6. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said remediated fly ash is characterized by a bulk density of about 45 lb/ft 3 .
7. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said remediated fly ash is characterized by a mean particle size of about 1 micron to about 400 microns.
8. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said remediated fly ash is present in an amount of about 1% to about 80% by weight of cementitious components in said settable composition.
9. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said remediated fly ash further contains slag.
10. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said settable composition has a density of about 8 pounds per gallon to about 16 pounds per gallon.
11. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said settable composition comprises cement, and wherein said cement is Portland cement.
12. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said settable composition comprises calcium hydroxide.
13. The settable composition of claim 12 , wherein said settable composition comprises Type S lime that contains said calcium hydroxide.
14. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said settable composition further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of slag, crystalline silica, amorphous silica fume, fumed silica, sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, glass fiber, polymer fiber, hydratable clay, biomass ash, crushed glass, elastomers, polymer resins, latexes, and combinations thereof, wherein said additive is different than said remediated fly ash.
15. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said settable composition further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a set retarding additive, a strength-retrogression additive, a set accelerator, a weighting agent, an aggregate, a lightweight additive, a gas-generating additive, a mechanical property enhancing additive, a lost-circulation material, a filtration-control additive, a dispersant, a fluid loss control additive, a defoaming agent, a foaming agent, an oil-swellable particle, a water-swellable particle, a thixotropic additive, a water reducing additive, and combinations thereof.
16. The settable composition of claim 1 , wherein said water is present.
17. The settable composition of claim 16 , wherein said water is present in an amount of about 25% to about 200% by weight of cementitious components.
18. The settable composition of claim 16 , wherein said water comprises at least one water source selected from the group consisting of culinary water, freshwater, saltwater, brine, seawater, recycled water, and combinations thereof.
19. A structure containing a hardened material derived from a settable composition comprising:
(a) remediated fly ash;
(b) one or more of: (i) cement, (ii) calcium hydroxide, or (iii) Type S lime; and
(c) water,
wherein said remediated fly ash contains fly ash and a natural pozzolan, wherein said natural pozzolan is present in said remediated fly ash in a concentration of about 1wt % to about 99wt %, and wherein said remediated fly ash is certified under ASTM C618, ASTM C1697, and/or AASHTO M295 as a Class C pozzolan or a Class F pozzolan.