Control of dynamic lenses
Adaptive spectacles ( 20 ) include a spectacle frame ( 25 ) and first and second electrically-tunable lenses ( 22, 24 ), mounted in the spectacle frame. In one embodiment, control circuitry ( 26 ) is configured to receive an input indicative of a distance from an eye of a person wearing the spectacles to an object ( 34 ) viewed by the person, and to tune the first and second lenses in response to the input.
1. An optical device, comprising:
an electro-optical layer, having an effective local index of refraction at any given location within an active area of the electro-optical layer that is determined by a voltage waveform applied across the electro-optical layer at the location;
conductive electrodes extending over opposing first and second sides of the electro-optical layer, the electrodes comprising an array of excitation electrodes, which comprise parallel conductive stripes extending along respective, mutually-parallel axes across the first side of the electro-optical layer, each stripe divided into two or more segments extending over respective, mutually disjoint parts of an axis of the stripe;
for each conductive stripe, one or more switches interconnecting the segments of the stripe in series; and
control circuitry, which is coupled to operate the one or more switches so as to electrically join or separate the segments of each stripe, and to apply respective control voltage waveforms to the segments of the excitation electrodes so as to generate a specified phase modulation profile in the electro-optical layer so that the device functions as a lens, having focal properties determined by the phase modulation profile, and is configured to concurrently modify the respective control voltage waveforms applied to one or more of the segments of each of a plurality of the excitation electrodes, thereby modifying a phase modulation profile of the electro-optical layer,
wherein the two or more segments of each stripe comprise three or more segments connected in series by multiple switches, and wherein the device comprises multiple control lines connected to actuate the multiple switches across all of the stripes.
2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to apply different, respective control voltage waveforms to different segments of at least some of the excitation electrodes, so that the lens functions as a multifocal lens.
3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the two or more segments of each stripe comprise at least respective first and second segments, such that the first segments of the stripes together extend across a first area of the electro-optical layer, while the second segments of the stripes together extend across a second area of the electro-optical layer, and
wherein the control circuitry is configured to apply the different, respective control voltage waveforms so that the first area has a first focal length and the second area has a second focal length, different from the first focal length.
4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the two or more segments of each stripe comprise at least respective first and second segments, and the one or more switches comprise a switch in each of the stripes interconnecting the respective first and second segments, and
wherein the device comprises a single control line connected to actuate the switch in each of the stripes so as to electrically join or separate the first and second segments in all of the stripes simultaneously.
5. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is connected to at least one respective end of each of the conductive stripes and is configured to apply different, respective control voltage waveforms to different segments of at least some of the excitation electrodes by, in alternation, actuating the multiple switches and modifying the control voltage waveforms applied to respective ends of the conductive stripes.
6. A method for producing an optical device, the method comprising:
providing an electro-optical layer, having an effective local index of refraction at any given location within an active area of the electro-optical layer that is determined by a voltage waveform applied across the electro-optical layer at the location;
positioning conductive electrodes so as to extend over opposing first and second sides of the electro-optical layer, the electrodes comprising an array of excitation electrodes, which comprise parallel conductive stripes extending along respective, mutually-parallel axes across the first side of the electro-optical layer, each stripe divided into two or more segments extending over respective, mutually disjoint parts of an axis of the stripe;
in each stripe, interconnecting the segments of the stripe with one or more switches in series; and
coupling control circuitry to operate the one or more switches so as to electrically join or separate the segments of the stripe and to apply respective control voltage waveforms to the segments of the excitation electrodes so as to generate a specified phase modulation profile in the electro-optical layer so that the device functions as a lens, having focal properties determined by the phase modulation profile, and to concurrently modify the respective control voltage waveforms applied to one or more of the segments of each of a plurality of the excitation electrodes, thereby modifying a phase modulation profile of the electro-optical layer,
wherein the two or more segments of each stripe comprise three or more segments connected in series by multiple switches, and wherein the device comprises multiple control lines connected to actuate the multiple switches across all of the stripes.