Balloon catheters and methods for use
Apparatus and methods are provided for flaring a stent deployed within a branch vessel including an ostium communicating with a main vessel, a first end of the stent extending at least partially from the branch. A catheter is provided that includes a balloon having a reinforced region adjacent an unreinforced region. When the balloon is positioned at a desired location, e.g., within a stent, prosthetic valve, or other tubular prosthesis, the balloon may be inflated to a first pressure causing the reinforced and unreinforced regions to expand substantially simultaneously. Upon inflation of the balloon beyond the first pressure, the reinforced region of the balloon remains at the first diameter and the unreinforced region continues to expand, e.g., to flare one or more ends of the prosthesis.
1. An apparatus for flaring a stent, comprising:
a tubular member comprising a proximal end, a distal end sized for introduction into a patient's body, and one or more lumens extending therebetween; and
a balloon carried on the distal end comprising:
a first membrane including first and second ends attached to the distal end, and a central region extending between first and second tapered regions transitioning to the first and second ends, respectively; and
a second membrane surrounding the central region from the second tapered region partially towards the first tapered region to define a reinforced region of the balloon,
wherein the first membrane is formed from elastic material and the second membrane is formed from material having an elasticity equal to or less than the first membrane, and
wherein the first and second membranes define a first diameter in a relaxed, formed state, and
wherein the material of the first and second membranes are configured such that, upon inflation of the balloon to a first pressure, the first and second membranes expand substantially simultaneously from a delivery condition to the first diameter, and, upon inflation of the balloon beyond the first pressure, the reinforced region of the balloon remains at the first diameter and the rest of the central portion of the first membrane continues to expand to a diameter greater than the first diameter.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first and second membranes are formed from the same material.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first and second membranes have the same thickness.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second membrane is formed from inelastic material.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second membrane is attached over an outer surface of the central region.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the second membrane is attached substantially continuously over the outer surface by at least one of bonding, fusing, and sonic welding.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second membrane is formed over the central region by one of dip molding and spray molding.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the first membrane adjacent the reinforced region is molded into a shape configured to expand to a bulbous shape when expanded to a diameter greater than the first diameter.
9. An apparatus for flaring a stent, comprising:
a tubular member comprising a proximal end, a distal end sized for introduction into a patient's body, and one or more lumens extending therebetween; and
a balloon carried on the distal end comprising:
a first membrane including first and second ends attached to the distal end, and a central region extending between first and second tapered regions transitioning to the first and second ends, respectively; and
a second membrane surrounding the central region from the second tapered region partially towards the first tapered region to define a reinforced region of the balloon configured to expand to a substantially uniform diameter cylindrical shape,
wherein the first membrane is formed from elastic material and the second membrane is formed from material having an elasticity equal to or less than the first membrane such that the first membrane between the second membrane and the first tapered region expands to a bulbous shape larger than the reinforced region when expanded.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the first and second membranes are formed from the same material.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the first and second membranes have the same thickness.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the second membrane is formed from inelastic material.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the second membrane is attached over an outer surface of the central region.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the second membrane is attached substantially continuously over the outer surface by at least one of bonding, fusing, and sonic welding.
15. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the first and second membranes define a first diameter in a relaxed, formed state.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the material of the first and second membranes are configured such that, upon inflation of the balloon to a first pressure, the first and second membranes expand substantially simultaneously from a delivery condition to the first diameter, and, upon inflation of the balloon beyond the first pressure, the reinforced region of the balloon remains at the first diameter and the rest of the central portion of the first membrane continues to expand to a diameter greater than the first diameter.