In vitro production of red blood cells with proteins comprising sortase recognition motifs
Methods for the in vitro production of enucleated red blood cells and the enucleated red blood cells thus prepared are provided. Such enucleated red blood cells may express a sortaggable surface protein, which allows for surface modification in the presence of a sortase. Also described herein are surface modified enucleated red blood cells, e.g., conjugated with an agent of interest such as a peptide, a detectable label, or a chemotherapeutic agent, and uses thereof in delivering the agent to a subject.
1. A method for conjugating a first polypeptide of interest to the surface of a red blood cell, the method comprising:
providing the red blood cell comprising a first sortaggable surface fusion protein, wherein the first sortaggable surface fusion protein comprises a first type I or type II red blood cell transmembrane protein and a first peptide;
contacting the red blood cell with the first polypeptide of interest in the presence of a first sortase, wherein the first sortase is a sortase A;
wherein when the N-terminus of the first sortaggable surface fusion protein is exposed to the extracellular space, the first peptide is either N-terminal oligoglycine or N-terminal oligoalanine fused to the first type I red blood cell transmembrane protein, and the first polypeptide of interest comprises a first sortase recognition motif;
wherein when the C-terminus of the first sortaggable surface fusion protein is exposed to the extracellular space, the first peptide is the first sortase recognition motif which is fused to the C-terminus of the first type II red blood cell transmembrane protein and is exposed to the extracellular space, and the first polypeptide of interest comprises either N-terminal oligoglycine or N-terminal oligoalanine;
wherein the first sortase recognition motif is the amino acid sequence LPXTG (SEQ ID NO: 1), LPXT, or LPTXA, in which X is any amino acid residue; and
wherein the first sortase conjugates the first polypeptide of interest to the first sortaggable surface fusion protein, thereby conjugating the first polypeptide of interest to the surface of the red blood cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first sortase recognition motif is the amino acid sequence LPXTG (SEQ ID NO: 1), in which X is any amino acid residue.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first type I red blood cell transmembrane protein is glycophorin A (GPA).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the N-terminus of the first sortaggable surface fusion protein is exposed to the extracellular space, and wherein the first peptide is N-terminal oligoglycine.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligoglycine consists of 1-5 glycine residues.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first type II red blood cell transmembrane protein is Kell or CD71.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first polypeptide of interest is selected from the group consisting of protein drugs, vaccine antigens, fluorescent proteins, streptavidin, biotin, enzymes, and peptides capable of targeting a cell.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first polypeptide of interest is an antibody or a fragment thereof.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the antibody is a single domain antibody.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the red blood cell further comprises a second sortaggable surface fusion protein, wherein the second sortaggable surface fusion protein comprises a second type I or type II red blood cell transmembrane protein and a second peptide, and wherein the method further comprises:
contacting the red blood cell with a second polypeptide of interest in the presence of a second sortase, wherein the second sortase is a sortase A;
wherein when the N-terminus of the second sortaggable surface fusion protein is exposed to the extracellular space, the second peptide is either N-terminal oligoglycine or N-terminal oligoalanine fused to the second type I red blood cell transmembrane protein, and the second polypeptide of interest comprises a second sortase recognition motif;
wherein when the C-terminus of the second sortaggable surface fusion protein is exposed to the extracellular space, the second peptide is the second sortase recognition motif which is fused to the C-terminus of the second type II red blood cell transmembrane protein and is exposed to the extracellular space, and the second polypeptide of interest comprises either N-terminal oligoglycine or N-terminal oligoalanine;
wherein the second sortase recognition motif is the amino acid sequence LPXTG of SEQ ID NO: 1, LPXT, or LPTXA, in which X is any amino acid residue;
wherein the first sortase recognition motif differs from the second sortase recognition motif; and
wherein the second sortase conjugates the second polypeptide of interest to the second sortaggable surface fusion protein.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first peptide is different from the second peptide.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first sortase is a sortase A from Staphylococcus aureus , and wherein
(a) when the C-terminus of the first sortaggable surface fusion protein is exposed to the extracellular space, the first sortase recognition motif is the amino acid sequence LPXTG which is fused to the C-terminus of the first type II red blood cell transmembrane protein, in which X is any amino acid residue (SEQ ID NO: 1), and the first polypeptide of interest comprises N-terminal oligoglycine; and
(b) when the N-terminus of the first sortaggable surface fusion protein is exposed to the extracellular space, the first peptide is N-terminal oligoglycine which is fused to the first type I red blood cell transmembrane protein, and the first sortase recognition motif is the amino acid sequence LPXTG, in which X is any amino acid residue (SEQ ID NO: 1).
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the C-terminus of the first sortaggable surface fusion protein is exposed to the extracellular space, and wherein the first type II red blood cell transmembrane protein is Kell.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second sortase is a sortase A from Streptococcus pyogenes , and wherein
(a) when the C-terminus of the second sortaggable surface fusion protein is exposed to the extracellular space, the second sortase recognition motif is the amino acid sequence LPXTA which is fused to the C-terminus of the second type II red blood cell transmembrane protein, in which X is any amino acid residue (SEQ ID NO: 2), and the second polypeptide of interest comprises N-terminal oligoalanine; and
(b) when the N-terminus of the second sortaggable surface fusion protein is exposed to the extracellular space, the second peptide is N-terminal oligoalanine fused to the second type I red blood cell transmembrane protein, and the second sortase recognition motif is the amino acid sequence LPXTA, in which X is any amino acid (SEQ ID NO: 2).
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the N-terminus of the second sortaggable surface fusion protein is exposed to the extracellular space, and wherein the first type I red blood cell transmembrane protein is GPA.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first and second polypeptides of interest comprise or are each conjugated to a functional moiety, and the functional moieties are different.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first polypeptide of interest comprises a cytokine.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the cytokine is an interferon, an interleukin, a colony stimulating factor, a leukemia inhibitory factor, or oncostatin M.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the cytokine is an interleukin, and the interleukin is selected from the group consisting of IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the cytokine is a colony stimulating factor, and the colony stimulating factor is selected from the group consisting of G-CSF, GM-CSF, and M-CSF.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first polypeptide of interest is an enzyme.