Electronics embedded in rigid gas permeable contact lenses
An eye-mountable contact lens is provided that includes electronics encapsulated within a rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material. The rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material can be mountable to a corneal surface of an eye or can be disposed on or within a flexible polymeric material that is mountable to the corneal surface of the eye. The rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material can provide structural rigidity and protection to the electronics and/or can allow for long-term dry storage of a chemical sensor of the electronics. The rigid, gas-permeable polymeric materials of the provided eye-mountable devices can be formed by curing a precursor material on or around the electronics and subsequently removing portions of the polymeric material formed by the curing, e.g., to form a rigid, gas-permeable contact lens that at least partially encapsulates the electronics and that has a curved shape that is able to be mounted to a corneal surface of an eye.
1. A method comprising:
disposing an electronic apparatus on a first layer of a rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material;
disposing a precursor material on the electronic apparatus and the first layer of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material;
curing the precursor material to form a second layer of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material such that the electronic apparatus is at least partially embedded within the first and second layers; and
forming an eye-mountable device, wherein forming the eye-mountable device comprises removing a portion of at least one of the first and second layers of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material based on information about a location or orientation of the electronic apparatus within the first and second layers.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
forming a sacrificial plug at a location on the electronic apparatus prior to disposing the precursor material on the electronic apparatus; and
removing the sacrificial plug subsequent to curing the precursor material to form the second layer of rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material, wherein the formed eye-mountable device includes a window exposing a portion of the electronic apparatus at the location.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the electronic apparatus comprises a sensor, wherein forming a sacrificial plug at the location on the electronic apparatus comprises forming the sacrificial plug over of the sensor, wherein when the formed eye-mountable device is mounted to an eye, tear fluid of the eye can contact the sensor via the window.
4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising, subsequent to curing the precursor material to form the second layer of rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material and prior to removing the sacrificial plug:
operating a laser to form a window through the second layer of rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material to the sacrificial plug.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electronic apparatus of the formed eye-mountable device is fully embedded within the first and second layers of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein forming the eye-mountable device further comprises:
forming a shaped soft polymeric material comprising a hydrogel such that the first and second layers of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material are fully embedded within the formed shaped soft polymeric material.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming an eye-mountable device by removing a portion of at least one of the first and second layers of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material comprises removing a portion of at least one of the first and second layers of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material such that the eye-mountable device can be removably mounted over a corneal surface of the eye in a manner that is compatible with eyelid motion when the eye-mountable device is so mounted.
8. A method comprising:
disposing an electronic apparatus within a precursor material;
curing the precursor material to form a rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material such that the electronic apparatus is at least partially embedded in the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material; and
forming an eye-mountable device, wherein forming the eye-mountable device comprises removing a portion of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material based on information about a location or orientation of the electronic apparatus within the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein disposing an electronic apparatus within a precursor material comprises:
partially filling a mold with an amount of the precursor material;
disposing the electronic apparatus within the mold on the surface of the precursor material; and
disposing an additional amount of the precursor material within the mold.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
forming a sacrificial plug at a location on the electronic apparatus prior to disposing the electronic apparatus within the precursor material; and
removing the sacrificial plug subsequent to curing the precursor material to form the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material, wherein the formed eye-mountable device includes a window exposing a portion of the electronic apparatus at the location.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the electronic apparatus comprises a sensor, wherein forming a sacrificial plug at the location on the electronic apparatus comprises forming the sacrificial plug over the sensor, wherein when the formed eye-mountable device is mounted to an eye, tear fluid of the eye can contact the sensor via the window.
12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising, subsequent to curing the precursor material to form the further rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material and prior to removing the sacrificial plug:
operating a laser to form a window through the further rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material to the sacrificial plug.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the electronic apparatus of the formed eye-mountable device is fully embedded within the formed rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material, wherein forming the eye-mountable device further comprises:
forming a shaped soft polymeric material comprising a hydrogel such that the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material is fully embedded within the formed shaped soft polymeric material.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein removing the portion of the gas-permeable polymeric material comprises removing the portion of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material such that the eye-mountable device is shaped to removably mount over a corneal surface of the eye in a manner that is compatible with eyelid motion when the eye-mountable device is so mounted.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
forming a plurality of eye-mountable devices, including the eye mountable device, on a sheet of the rigid gas-permeable polymeric material; and
removing the eye mountable devices from the sheet.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the eye-mountable device further comprises:
disposing a precursor material within a mold within which or upon which the first layer of the rigid, gas permeable polymeric material is mounted.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electronic apparatus comprises an electronically actuated lens.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the electronic apparatus comprises one or more electronic components disposed on a flexible substrate.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the rigid gas-permeable polymeric material is mounted on or within a hydrogel.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the hydrogel is shaped to conformably mount the eye-mountable device onto a corneal surface of an eye and is removable from the rigid gas-permeable polymeric material.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing the portion of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material centers the electronic apparatus within remaining rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material.
22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising removing a second portion of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material such that a surface of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material is shaped to be mounted to a corneal surface of an eye.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein a method of removing the portion of at least one of the first and second layers of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material is different than a method of removing the second portion of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material.
24. A method comprising:
disposing an electronic apparatus within a precursor material;
curing the precursor material to form a rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material such that the electronic apparatus is at least partially embedded in the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material;
removing a first portion of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material based on information about a location or orientation of the electronic apparatus within the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material; and
removing a second portion of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material such that a surface of the rigid, gas-permeable polymeric material is shaped to be mounted to a corneal surface of an eye.