Chitosan-derivative compounds and methods of controlling microbial populations
The present invention is directed to chitosan-derivative compounds and structures, methods of making chitosan-derivative compounds and methods for controlling, inhibiting and enhancing microbial populations in a variety of environments. The present invention is also directed to the control, inhibition and enhancement of microbial populations in animals, particularly humans. The microbial populations include bacteria, viruses and other pathogens where control of microbial populations are a necessity. The chitosan-derivative compounds of the present invention include chitosan-arginine compounds, related chitosan-L/D unnatural amino acid compounds, chitosan-acid amine compounds, chitosan-L/D natural amino acid derivative compounds, co-derivatives of the chitosan-derivative compounds, salts of the chitosan derivative compounds, and chitosan-guanidine compounds.
1. A chitosan-derivative compound for controlling microbial populations comprising:
where m is 0.02-0.50; q is 0.50-0.01; p+q+m=1; and X″ is selected from the group consisting of:
where r is 1-6.
2. The compound as recited in claim 1 , wherein said microbial populations comprise bacteria, mycobacteria, mycoplasma, viruses, protozoas and prions.
3. The compound as recited in claim 2 , wherein said bacteria comprise Gram-negative bacteria selected from the group consisting of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi , and Proteus mirabilis.
4. The compound as recited in claim 2 , wherein said bacteria comprise Gram-positive bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Staphlococcus aureus, Staphlococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pyogenes.
5. The compound as recited in claim 2 , wherein said viruses are selected from the group consisting of vaccinia virus (Copenhagen strain), herpes simplex 1 (sp7 strain) and encephalomycocarditis virus.
6. The compound as recited in claim 2 , wherein said viruses is influenza A (H1, N1).
7. The compound as recited in claim 1 , wherein said microbial populations are in animals.
8. The compound as recited in claim 1 , wherein said microbial populations are in humans.
9. The compound as recited in claim 1 , wherein the compound has a molecular weight between 25,000 and 350,000 Da.
10. The compound as recited in claim 1 , wherein the compound is formed into soluble powers, films, coatings, gels, laminates, nanoparticles, woven fibers, non-woven fibers, and encapsulated compounds.
11. A chitosan-derivative compound for controlling microbial populations comprising:
where a=1; m is 0.02-0.50; q is 0.50-0.01; s=1; p+q+m=1; and X″ is selected from the group consisting of:
where r is 1-6,
wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of chloride, hydroxide, phosphate, carbonate, acetate, lactate, citrate, cinnamate, oxalate, and glutamate.