Lithium accumulator comprising a positive electrode material based on a specific carbon material functionalized by specific organic compounds
The invention relates to a lithium accumulator comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising an electrolyte positioned between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, said positive electrode comprising a positive electrode material comprising a carbonaceous material selected from carbon nanotubes, graphene or derivatives of graphene selected from graphene oxides, reduced graphene oxides, said carbonaceous material is covalently functionalized by at least one organic compound comprising at least one electron attractor group.
1. A lithium accumulator comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising an electrolyte positioned between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, said positive electrode comprising a positive electrode material comprising a carbonaceous material selected from carbon nanotubes, graphene, and derivatives of graphene comprising graphene oxides, or reduced graphene oxides, wherein said carbonaceous material is covalently functionalized by at least one organic compound comprising at least one electron attractor group.
2. The lithium accumulator according to claim 1 , wherein the organic compound comprising at least one electron attractor group is a compound comprising one or several cyclic groups, for which at least one of these groups bears at least one electron attractor group.
3. The lithium accumulator according to claim 1 , wherein the electron attractor group is selected from carbonyl groups, disulfide groups, and thiocarbonyl groups.
4. The lithium accumulator according to claim 1 , wherein, when the electron attractor group is a carbonyl group, the electron attractor group is conjugate with a double bond.
5. The lithium accumulator according to claim 1 , wherein, when the electron attractor group is a carbonyl group, the organic compound comprising such an electron attractor group is a quinone compound.
6. The lithium accumulator according to claim 1 , wherein, when the electron attractor group is a carbonyl group, the organic compound comprising such an electron attractor group is selected from:
benzoquinone compounds of the following formulae (I) and (II):
a naphthoquinone compound of the following formula (III):
an anthraquinone compound of the following formula (IV):
a phenanthrenequinone compound of the following formula (V):
wherein the bonds located at the middle of the carbon-carbon bonds indicate that the attachment to the carbonaceous material of the relevant compound is ensured by any of the carbon atoms making up the benzene ring(s).
7. The lithium accumulator according to claim 6 , wherein the organic compound comprising at least one electron attractor group is a compound of the following formula (VI):
the bond intercepted with a bracket indicating that the attachment of the relevant compound by covalence to the carbonaceous material is carried out via this bond.
8. The lithium accumulator according to claim 1 , wherein, when the electron attractor group is a carbonyl group, the compound comprising such electron attractor group is a polymer comprising at least one recurrent unit, said recurrent unit comprises one or several rings, for which one of these rings is a ring comprising at least one carbonyl group.
9. The lithium accumulator according to claim 8 , wherein the compound comprises at least one recurrent unit from the family of quinones.
10. The lithium accumulator according to claim 1 , wherein, when the electron attractor group is a disulfide group, the compound comprising the electron attractor group is a cyclic compound including one or several rings, wherein at least one ring includes a disulfide group.
11. The lithium accumulator according to claim 10 , wherein the compound is a cyclic compound including one or several rings, wherein at least one ring includes a disulfide group and includes 4 atoms and two of these atoms are sulfur atoms.
12. The lithium accumulator according to claim 1 , wherein, when the electron attractor group is a disulfide group, the compound comprising the electron attractor group is a cyclic compound comprising at least one aromatic ring beside at least one ring comprising a disulfide group.
13. The lithium accumulator according to claim 1 , wherein, when the electron attractor group is a disulfide group, the compound comprising the electron attractor group is a compound fitting one of the following formulae (VII) to (X):
the bond intercepting the carbon-carbon bond indicating that the bond between the benzene ring(s) and the carbonaceous material is ensured through one of the carbon atoms of this or these ring(s).
14. The lithium accumulator according to claim 1 , wherein, when the electron attractor group is a disulfide group, the compound comprising the electron attractor group is a polymer comprising at least one recurrent unit, which recurrent unit comprises one or several rings, for which one of these rings is a ring comprising a disulfide group.
15. The lithium accumulator according to claim 14 , wherein the compound comprises at least one recurrent unit fitting one of the following formulae (XI) to (XV):
wherein said recurrent units may be bound to the carbonaceous material via an organic group forming a bridge between the relevant recurrent unit and the carbonaceous material.
16. A positive electrode material for a lithium accumulator comprising a carbonaceous material selected from carbon nanotubes, graphene, and derivatives of graphene comprising graphene oxides, or reduced graphene oxides, wherein said carbonaceous material is covalently functionalized by at least one organic compound comprising at least one electron attractor group, which is a disulfide group.
17. The positive electrode material according to claim 16 , wherein the compound comprising a disulfide group is a cyclic compound including one or several rings, wherein at least one ring includes a disulfide group.
18. The positive electrode material according to claim 16 , wherein the compound comprising a disulfide group is a cyclic compound including one or several rings, wherein at least one ring includes a disulfide group and includes 4 atoms and-two of these atoms are sulfur atoms.
19. The positive electrode material according to claim 16 , wherein the compound comprising a disulfide group is a cyclic compound comprising at least one aromatic ring beside at least one ring comprising a disulfide group.
20. The positive electrode material according to claim 16 , wherein the compound comprising a disulfide group is a compound fitting one of the following formulae (VII) to (X):
wherein the bond intercepting the carbon-carbon bond indicates that the bond between the benzene ring(s) and the carbonaceous material is ensured by one of the carbon atoms of this or these ring(s).
21. The positive electrode material according to claim 16 , wherein the compound comprising a disulfide group is a polymer comprising at least one recurrent unit, and said recurrent unit comprises one or several rings, for which one of these rings is a ring comprising a disulfide group.
22. The positive electrode material according to claim 21 , wherein the compound comprises at least one recurrent unit fitting one of the following formulae (XI) to (XV):
wherein said recurrent units may be bound to the carbonaceous material via an organic group forming a bridge between the relevant recurrent unit and the carbonaceous material.
23. A positive electrode comprising a positive electrode material comprising a material as defined according to claim 16 .