Water recovery in a fuel cell system
A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack with a cathode exhaust outlet coupled to a cathode exhaust conduit. A condenser is provided in the cathode exhaust conduit for extracting water from a cathode exhaust stream in the cathode exhaust conduit. A compressor is disposed in the cathode exhaust conduit between the cathode exhaust outlet and the condenser and an expander is disposed downstream of the condenser for recovering energy from the condenser exhaust stream. By providing compressor and expander stages on either side of the condenser, the condenser performance can be enhanced by higher pressure operation independent of the fuel cell pressure. The parasitic load of this pressurised operation of the condenser is reduced by recovering the energy from the exhaust stream.
1. A fuel cell system comprising:
a fuel cell stack having a cathode exhaust outlet coupled to a cathode exhaust conduit;
a condenser in the cathode exhaust conduit for extracting water from a cathode exhaust stream in the cathode exhaust conduit;
a first compressor disposed in the cathode exhaust conduit between the cathode exhaust outlet and the condenser;
an expander disposed downstream of the condenser for recovering energy from the condenser exhaust stream;
a first water separator disposed upstream of the condenser and between the cathode exhaust outlet and the first compressor; and
a second water separator disposed between the condenser and the expander.
2. The fuel cell system of claim 1 in which the first compressor and the expander are coupled to pass energy recovered by the expander from the condenser exhaust to the first compressor.
3. The fuel cell system of claim 2 in which the first compressor and the expander are mechanically coupled to pass said recovered energy.
4. The fuel cell system of claim 3 further including a motor coupled to drive the first compressor and the expander.
5. The fuel cell system of claim 1 further including a water storage vessel disposed between an outlet of the condenser and a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack.
6. The fuel cell system of claim 1 further including a second compressor coupled to a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack.
7. The fuel cell system of claim 6 in which the second compressor and the expander are coupled to pass energy extracted by the expander from the condenser exhaust to the second compressor.
8. The fuel cell system of claim 6 further including a motor coupled to drive the first compressor.
9. The fuel cell system of claim 1 further including a controller configured to vary the power supplied to the first compressor as a function of volume of water in a water recirculation circuit.