Magnetic random access memory structures, integrated circuits, and methods for fabricating the same
Spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structures, integrated circuits, and methods for fabricating integrated circuits are provided. An exemplary spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure has a perpendicular magnetic orientation, and includes a bottom electrode and a base layer over the bottom electrode. The base layer includes a seed layer and a roughness suppression layer. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure further includes a hard layer over the base layer. Also, the spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure includes a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element with a perpendicular orientation over the hard layer and a top electrode over the MTJ element.
1. A spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure having a perpendicular magnetic orientation, comprising:
a bottom electrode;
a base layer over the bottom electrode, wherein the base layer includes a wetting layer, a first roughness suppression layer over and directly on the wetting layer, a seed layer disposed over and directly on the first roughness suppression layer, and a second roughness suppression layer over and directly on the seed layer;
a hard layer over the base layer;
a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element with a perpendicular orientation over the hard layer; and
a top electrode over the MTJ element.
2. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure of claim 1 wherein the seed layer is a first seed layer, and wherein the base layer further comprises:
a second seed layer disposed over and directly on the second roughness suppression layer.
3. A spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure having a perpendicular magnetic orientation, comprising:
a bottom electrode;
a base layer over the bottom electrode, wherein the base layer comprises:
a wetting layer;
a first seed layer over and directly on the wetting layer;
a first roughness suppression layer disposed over and directly on the first seed layer;
a second seed layer over and directly on the first roughness suppression layer; and
a second roughness suppression layer disposed over and directly on the second seed layer;
a hard layer over the base layer;
a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element with a perpendicular orientation over the hard layer; and
a top electrode over the MTJ element.
4. A spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure having a perpendicular magnetic orientation, comprising:
a bottom electrode;
a base layer over the bottom electrode, wherein the base layer comprises:
a wetting layer disposed over and directly on the bottom electrode;
a seed layer; and
a roughness suppression layer;
a hard layer over the base layer;
a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element with a perpendicular orientation over the hard layer; and
a top electrode over the MTJ element, wherein
the bottom electrode is tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), tantalum nitride (TaN), titanium nitride (TiN) or a combination thereof;
the wetting layer is a magnesium (Mg) layer, a hafnium (Hf) layer, a tantalum (Ta) layer, a titanium (Ti) layer, a platinum manganese (PtMn) layer, a ruthenium (Ru) layer, a platinum (Pt) layer or a combination thereof;
the roughness suppression layer is platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium (Mg), iron boron (FeB), cobalt (Co), cobalt iron boron (CoFeB), cobalt iron (CoFe), iron (Fe), hafnium (Hf), or zirconium (Zr); and
the seed layer is nickel chromium (NiCr), nickel chromium iron (NiCr(Fe)), chromium ruthenium (Cr(Ru)), platinum (Pt), or ruthenium (Ru), or combinations thereof.
5. A spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure having a perpendicular magnetic orientation, comprising:
a bottom electrode, wherein the bottom electrode is tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), tantalum nitride (TaN), titanium nitride (TiN) or a combination thereof;
a base layer over the bottom electrode, wherein the base layer includes a seed layer and a roughness suppression layer, wherein the roughness suppression layer is platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium (Mg), iron boron (FeB), cobalt (Co), cobalt iron boron (CoFeB), cobalt iron (CoFe), iron (Fe), hafnium (Hf), or zirconium (Zr) and wherein the seed layer is nickel chromium (NiCr), nickel chromium iron (NiCr(Fe)), chromium ruthenium (Cr(Ru)), platinum (Pt), or ruthenium (Ru), or combinations thereof;
a hard layer over the base layer;
a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element with a perpendicular orientation over the hard layer; and
a top electrode over the MTJ element.
6. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure of claim 5 wherein:
the roughness suppression layer is disposed over and directly on the seed layer.
7. A spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure having a perpendicular magnetic orientation, comprising:
a bottom electrode;
a base layer over the bottom electrode, wherein the base layer includes a seed layer and a roughness suppression layer, and wherein the roughness suppression layer comprises two composite sublayers, wherein each sublayer is, independently, platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium (Mg), iron boron (FeB), cobalt (Co), cobalt iron boron (CoFeB), cobalt iron (CoFe), iron (Fe), hafnium (Hf), or zirconium (Zr);
a hard layer over the base layer;
a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element with a perpendicular orientation over the hard layer; and
a top electrode over the MTJ element.
8. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure of claim 7 wherein the roughness suppression layer comprises two composite sublayers, wherein one sublayer is platinum (Pt) and the other sublayer is ruthenium (Ru).
9. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure of claim 7 wherein the base layer comprises a wetting layer, wherein the seed layer is disposed over the wetting layer, and wherein the roughness suppression layer is disposed over the seed layer.
10. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure of claim 7 wherein the roughness suppression layer is a first roughness suppression layer, and wherein the base layer comprises:
a wetting layer;
the first roughness suppression layer;
the seed layer; and
a second roughness suppression layer.
11. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure of claim 7 wherein the roughness suppression layer is a first roughness suppression layer and the seed layer is a first seed layer, and wherein the base layer comprises:
a wetting layer;
the first seed layer;
the first roughness suppression layer;
a second seed layer; and
a second roughness suppression layer.
12. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure of claim 7 wherein the roughness suppression layer is a first roughness suppression layer and the seed layer is a first seed layer, and wherein the base layer comprises:
a wetting layer;
the first roughness suppression layer;
the first seed layer;
a second roughness suppression layer;
a second seed layer; and
a third roughness suppression layer.
13. A spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure having a perpendicular magnetic orientation, comprising:
a bottom electrode;
a base layer over the bottom electrode, wherein the base layer includes a seed layer and a roughness suppression layer, and wherein the roughness suppression layer comprises a process treated portion of the seed layer;
a hard layer over the base layer;
a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element with a perpendicular orientation over the hard layer; and
a top electrode over the MTJ element.
14. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure of claim 13 wherein the process is a thermal treatment or a back sputtered etch performed with argon or argon and oxygen.
15. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure of claim 13 wherein the seed layer is disposed over the roughness suppression layer.
16. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure of claim 13 wherein the roughness suppression layer is disposed over the seed layer.
17. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure of claim 13 wherein the roughness suppression layer is a first roughness suppression layer, and wherein the base layer comprises:
a wetting layer;
the first roughness suppression layer;
the seed layer; and
a second roughness suppression layer.
18. The spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory structure of claim 13 wherein the roughness suppression layer is a first roughness suppression layer and the seed layer is a first seed layer, and wherein the base layer comprises:
a wetting layer;
the first seed layer;
the first roughness suppression layer;
a second roughness suppression layer; and
a second seed layer.