Proppant aggregate particulates for use in subterranean formation operations
Proppant aggregates comprising proppant particulates and a binding agent, wherein the proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a conductivity of less than about 3000 millidarcy-feet when exposed to operational conditions, the operational conditions having a closure stress of greater than about 1000 pounds per square inch and a temperature of greater than about 50° F.
1. A proppant aggregate comprising:
one or more subpar proppant particulates comprising and a binding agent, the binding agent surrounds wholly or partially the one or more subpar proppant particulates and the binding agent is present in an amount of about 5% to about 20% vol/wt or wt/wt,
wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a conductivity of less than about 3000 millidarcy-feet when exposed to operational conditions, the operational conditions having a closure stress of greater than about 1000 pounds per square inch and a temperature of greater than about 160° F., and
wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates and a binding agent form a plurality of spaced apart proppant pillars with a plurality of channels formed therebetween in a subterranean fracture thereby providing increased conductivity of at least 2123 mD-ft at an aggregate closure stress of about 44776 psi.
2. The proppant aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a crush resistance of greater than about 10% fines when exposed to the operational conditions.
3. The proppant aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a mean unit mesh particle size of less than about 3000 micrometers when exposed to the operational conditions.
4. The proppant aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a mean unit mesh particle size of less than about 3000 micrometers prior to exposure to the operational conditions, such that the one or more subpar proppant particulates at least have not experienced the closure stress.
5. The proppant aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a porosity of less than about 45% when exposed to the operational conditions.
6. The proppant aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a porosity of less than about 45% prior to exposure to the operational conditions, such that the proppant particulates at least have not experienced the closure stress.
7. The proppant aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a sphericity and a roundness of less than about 0.9.
8. The proppant aggregate of claim 1 , wherein (1) the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a crush resistance of greater than about 10% fines when exposed to the operational conditions, (2) wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a mean unit mesh particle size of less than about 3000 micrometers when exposed to the operational conditions, (3) wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a porosity of less than about 45% when exposed to the operational conditions, and (4) wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a sphericity and roundness of less than about 0.9.
9. The proppant aggregate of claim 1 , wherein (1) the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a crush resistance of greater than about 10% fines when exposed to the operational conditions, (2) the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a mean unit mesh particle size of less than about 3000 micrometers prior to exposure to the operational conditions, such that the proppant particulates at least have not experienced the closure stress, (3) the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a porosity of less than about 45% prior to exposure to the operational conditions, such that the proppant particulates at least have not experienced the closure stress, and (4) wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a sphericity and roundness of less than about 0.9.
10. The proppant aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a conductivity of less than 2900 millidarcy-feet when exposed to operational conditions.
11. The proppant aggregate of claim 1 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates exhibit one or more properties of mechanical strength that fail to meet proppant characteristics according to International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 13503-2, Amendment 1, 2006.
12. A method comprising:
introducing proppant aggregates comprising into a subterranean formation, the proppant aggregates comprising one or more subpar proppant particulates and a binding agent, the binding agent surrounds wholly or partially the one or more subpar proppant particulates and the binding agent is present in an amount of 12% to about 20% vol/wt or wt/wt,
wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a conductivity of less than about 3000 millidarcy-feet when exposed to operational conditions, the operational conditions having a closure stress of greater than about 1000 pounds per square inch and a temperature of greater than about 160° F.;
placing the proppant aggregates into at least one fracture in a subterranean formation forming a plurality of spaced apart proppant pillars having a plurality of channels formed therebetween wherein the plurality of spaced apart proppant pillars with the plurality of channels formed therebetween in the subterranean fracture provide increased conductivity of at least 2123 mD-ft at an aggregate closure stress of about 44776 psi; and
removing hydraulic pressure from the subterranean formation, thereby exposing the proppant aggregates to the operational conditions in the fracture.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a crush resistance of greater than about 10% fines when exposed to the operational conditions.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a mean unit mesh particle size of less than about 3000 micrometers when exposed to the operational conditions.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a mean unit mesh particle size of less than about 3000 micrometers prior to exposure to the operational conditions, such that the one or more subpar proppant particulates at least have not experienced the closure stress.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a porosity of less than about 45% when exposed to the operational conditions.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a porosity of less than about 45% prior to exposure to the operational conditions, such that the proppant particulates at least have not experienced the closure stress.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a sphericity and roundness of less than about 0.9.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein (1) the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a crush resistance of greater than about 10% fines when exposed to the operational conditions, (2) wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a mean unit mesh particle size of less than about 3000 micrometers when exposed to the operational conditions, (3) wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a porosity of less than about 45% when exposed to the operational conditions, and (4) wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a sphericity and roundness of less than about 0.9.
20. The method of claim 12 , wherein (1) the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a crush resistance of greater than about 10% fines when exposed to the operational conditions, (2) the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a mean unit mesh particle size of less than about 3000 micrometers prior to exposure to the operational conditions, such that the proppant particulates at least have not experienced the closure stress, (3) the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a porosity of less than about 45% prior to exposure to the operational conditions, such that the proppant particulates at least have not experienced the closure stress, and (4) wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a sphericity and roundness of less than about 0.9.
21. A method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a conductivity of less than 2900 millidarcy-feet when exposed to operational conditions.
22. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates exhibit one or more properties of mechanical strength that fail to meet proppant characteristics according to International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 13503-2, Amendment 1, 2006.
23. A system comprising:
a tubular extending into a subterranean formation and fluidly coupled to a pump, the tubular containing proppant aggregates comprising one or more subpar proppant particulates of aluminum oxide and a binding agent, the binding agent surrounds wholly or partially the one or more subpar proppant particulates and the binding agent is present in an amount of about 5% to about 20% vol/wt or wt/wt,
wherein the proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a conductivity of less than about 3000 millidarcy-feet when exposed to operational conditions, the operational conditions having a closure stress of greater than about 1000 pounds per square inch and a temperature of greater than about 160° F., and
wherein the proppant aggregates form a plurality of spaced apart proppant pillars with a plurality of channels formed therebetween in a subterranean fracture, wherein the plurality of spaced apart proppant pillars with the plurality of channels formed therebetween in the subterranean fracture provide increased conductivity of at least 2123 mD-ft at an aggregate closure stress of about 44776 psi.
24. The system of claim 23 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates have a crush resistance of greater than about 10% fines when exposed to the operational conditions.
25. The system of claim 23 , wherein the one or more subpar proppant particulates in the absence of the binding agent pack together to exhibit a conductivity of less than 2900 millidarcy-feet when exposed to operational conditions, and the one or more subpar proppant particulates exhibit a plurality of mechanical strength properties that fail to meet proppant characteristics according to International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 13503-2, Amendment 1, 2006.