Reconfigurable winding connection for five-phase permanent magnet electric machine
A vehicle includes a five-phase electric machine with open windings driven at each side by phase legs of an inverter. A controller monitors for open-circuit windings. In response to detecting an open-circuit winding above a predetermined speed threshold, the controller operates the inverter to drive the windings that are not open-circuited in a square configuration.
1. A vehicle comprising:
a pair of inverters, each having five phase legs electrically coupled at opposite ends of windings of a live-phase electric machine; and
a controller programmed to operate the inverters to drive the windings in a star configuration, and, responsive to detecting an open circuit in one of the windings and a speed of the electric machine exceeding a threshold, operate the inverters to drive the remaining windings in a square configuration.
2. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the controller is further programmed to operate the inverters to drive the windings in the star configuration by causing switching devices in one of the inverters to connect associated ends of each of the windings to a common conductor.
3. The vehicle of claim 2 wherein the controller is further programmed to control a torque output of the electric machine by causing a voltage output for each phase leg of the one of the inverters associated with an end of the windings opposite to that coupled to the common conductor.
4. The vehicle of claim 3 wherein an amplitude of the voltage output is greater than a voltage amplitude applied in an absence of detecting the open circuit of the one of the windings.
5. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the controller is further programmed to operate the inverters to drive the remaining windings in the square configuration by controlling a voltage output of each phase leg of the inverters such that voltages applied to the windings are the same as if the windings are physically connected in a loop in which each of the windings is electrically coupled to two other windings.
6. The vehicle of claim 5 wherein an amplitude of the voltage output of each phase leg is less than a voltage amplitude applied in an absence of detecting the open circuit of the one of the windings.
7. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the controller is further programmed to operate the inverters to provide zero voltage to the one of the windings.
8. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the threshold is a speed at which a maximum torque of the electric machine driven in the star configuration is equal to a maximum torque of the electric machine driven in the square configuration.
9. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the controller is further programmed to, responsive to the speed of the electric machine falling below the threshold while detecting the open circuit of the one of the windings, operate the inverters to drive the remaining windings in the star configuration.
10. A method comprising:
operating one or more inverters to drive windings of a five-phase electric machine in a star configuration; and
responsive to detecting an open circuit in one of the windings and a speed of the electric machine exceeding a threshold, changing from operating the inverters to drive the windings in the star configuration to operating the inverters to drive the windings that are not open-circuited in a square configuration.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising, responsive to the speed falling below the threshold while the one of the windings is open-circuited, changing from operating the inverters to drive the windings that are not open-circuited in the square configuration to operating the inverters to drive the windings that are not open-circuited in the star configuration.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the threshold is a speed at which a maximum torque of the electric machine driven in the star configuration is equal to a maximum torque of the electric machine driven in the square configuration.
13. The method of claim 10 wherein operating the inverters to drive the windings in the star configuration includes operating one of the inverters to selectively couple each of the windings to a common neutral point.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein operating the inverters to drive the windings in the square configuration includes operating the one or more inverters so that voltages applied to the windings are the same as if the windings are physically connected in a loop in which each of the windings is electrically coupled to two other windings.
15. An electrified powertrain comprising:
an electric machine having five phase windings;
one or more inverters having phase legs electrically coupled to each end of the windings; and
a controller programmed to, responsive to detecting one of the windings being open circuited, change from operating the inverters to drive all of the windings in a star configuration to operating the inverters to drive the windings in a square configuration that excludes the one of the winding.
16. The electrified powertrain of claim 15 wherein the controller is further programmed to operate the inverters to drive the windings in the star configuration by causing switching devices in one of the inverters to connect au associated end of each of the windings to a common point.
17. The electrified powertrain of claim 16 wherein the controller is further programmed to control a torque output of the electric machine by causing a voltage output for each of the phase legs of the one or more inverters associated with an end of the windings that is not coupled to the common point.
18. The electrified powertrain of claim 15 wherein the controller is further programmed to operate the inverters in the square configuration by operating the one or more inverters such that voltages applied to the windings are the same as if the windings are physically connected in a loop in which each of the windings is electrically coupled to two other windings.
19. The electrified powertrain of claim 18 wherein an amplitude of a voltage output of each phase leg is less than a voltage amplitude when the one of the windings is not open circuited.
20. The electrified powertrain of claim 15 wherein the controller is further programmed to change from operating the inverters to drive the windings in the star configuration to operating the inverters to drive the windings in the square configuration responsive to a speed of the electric machine exceeding a threshold that is a predetermined speed at which a maximum torque of the electric machine driven in the star configuration is equal to a maximum torque of the electric machine driven in the square configuration.