Aromatic detergents and lubricating compositions thereof
The disclosed technology provides a lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.2 wt % to 10 wt % of a salt of a hydroxyl functional aromatic compound. The disclosed technology further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device with the lubricant composition.
1. A lubricating composition comprising:
an oil of lubricating viscosity; and
0.2 wt % to 10 wt % of an oil soluble salt of a hydroxyl functional aromatic compound, wherein the salt comprises:
(a) a conjugate anion of a hydroxyl functional aromatic compound, the aromatic compound selected from a neutral salt having a TBN of 130 to 200 mg KOH/g as determined by ASTM D2986-11 with a metal ratio of 0.7 to less than 2 or an overbased salt having a TBN of greater than 200 mg KOH/g as determined by ASTM D2986-11 with a metal ratio of 2 to 5, the aromatic compound being further represented by formula:
wherein
n is 1 or 2,
R 1 or R 2 are each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ;
R 3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 150 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyl group containing 6 to 36 carbon atoms, or an acyl group, —C(═O)OR 6 , or —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ;
R 4 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or CH 2 OR 8 ;
R 5 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or —(C═O)R 7 ;
R 6 is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ;
R 7 may be a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms;
R 8 may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms;
m=1 to 20;
x is 0 to 2 and each R 3 is independently a hydrocarbyl group containing at least one carbon atom where together the R 3 moieties form a 5- or 6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl ring,
with the proviso that at least one of R 1 , R 2 or R 3 is not hydrogen and at least one of R 1 , R 2 or R 5 is a hydrogen; and
(b) a cation having an atomic weight of at least 10.
2. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein cation is a metallic cation and the metal of the metallic cation is selected from calcium, barium or magnesium, or an alkali metal such as sodium, or potassium.
3. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein
x is 1 or 2, and
each R3 is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 150 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyl group containing 6 to 36 carbon atoms.
4. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein
x is 1, and
R 1 is —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5
R 4 is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
R 5 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and
m=1 to 20, or 5 to 18.
5. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic compound forming the salt is represented by the formula:
wherein
n is 1 or 2,
R 1 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ,
R 2 is hydrogen,
R 3 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 150 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyl group containing 6 to 36 carbon atoms,
R 4 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or CH 2 OR 8 ,
R 5 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or —(C═O)R 7 ,
R 7 may be a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
R 8 may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and
m=1 to 20
with the proviso that at least one of R 1 or R 3 is not hydrogen.
6. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic compound forming the salt is represented by the formula:
wherein
R 1 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ,
R 2 is hydrogen,
R 3 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 150 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyl group containing 6 to 36 carbon atoms,
R 4 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or CH 2 OR 8 ,
R 5 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or —(C═O)R 7 ,
R 7 may be a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
R 8 may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and
m=1 to 20
with the proviso that at least one of R 1 or R 3 is not hydrogen.
7. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic compound forming the salt is represented by the formula:
R 1 is hydrogen,
each R 2 independently is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ,
R 3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 150 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyl group containing 6 to 36 carbon atoms, or an acyl group C(═O)XR 6
R 4 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or CH 2 OR 8 ,
R 5 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or —(C═O)R 7 , and
R 6 is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms or —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ,
R 7 may be a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
R 8 may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
X is —O—, —NR 9 —,
R 9 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and
m=1 to 20,
with the proviso that at least one of R 2 or R 3 is not hydrogen.
8. The lubricating composition of claim 7 , wherein the aromatic compound forming the salt is represented by the formula:
R 1 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ,
R 2 is hydrogen,
R 3 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 150 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyl group containing 6 to 36 carbon atoms,
R 4 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or CH 2 OR 8 ,
R 5 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or —(C═O)R 7 ,
R 7 may be a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
R 8 may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and
m=1 to 20,
with the proviso that at least one of R 1 or R 3 is not hydrogen.
9. The lubricating composition of claim 3 , wherein R 3 is hydrogen.
10. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic compound forming the salt comprises two or more edge-sharing rings is represented by the formulae:
where
R 1 is hydrogen,
each R 2 independently is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ,
each R 3 independently is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 150 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyl group containing 6 to 36 carbon atoms, or an acyl group —C(═O)OR 6
R 4 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or CH 2 OR 8 ,
R 5 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or —(C═O)R 7 , and
R 6 is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
R 7 may be a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
R 8 may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and
m is 0, 1 or 2,
n is 0, 1, or 2,
such that m+n=1 or more,
with the proviso that at least one of R 2 or R 3 is not hydrogen.
11. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic compound forming the salt is represented by the formula:
wherein
R 1 is —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ,
R 2 is —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ,
R 3 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 150 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyl group containing 6 to 36 carbon atoms,
R 4 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or CH 2 OR 8 ,
R 5 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 or —(C═O)R 7 ,
R 7 may be a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
R 8 may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and
m=1 to 20,
with the proviso that at least one of R 5 or R 8 is hydrogen.
12. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the salt of an aromatic compound does not contain (i) sulfonate functional group, or (ii) sulfur.
13. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the salt of an aromatic compound does not contain phosphate functional group.
14. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the salt of an aromatic compound does not contain borate functional group.
15. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the salt of an aromatic compound is formed from an anion composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; and a metallic cation (typically calcium, magnesium or sodium, often calcium).
16. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity is selected from an API Group I, II, III, IV, V, or mixtures thereof base oil.
17. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the lubricating composition has a SAE viscosity grade of XW—Y, wherein X may be 0, 5, 10, or 15; and Y may be 16, 20, 30, or 40.
18. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the oil soluble salt is present in an amount ranging from 0.3 to 8 wt % of the lubricating composition.
19. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the lubricating composition is characterized as having (i) a sulfur content of 0.5 wt % or less, (ii) a phosphorus content of 0.15 wt % or less, and (iii) a sulfated ash content of 0.5 wt % to 1.5 wt %.
20. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the lubricating composition is characterized as having a total base number (TBN) content of at least 5 mg KOH/g.
21. A process to prepare a salt of an aromatic compound of claim 1 comprising reacting an aromatic compound comprising: reacting an aromatic polyol with a metal base.
22. A process to prepare a salt of an hydroxyl functional aromatic compound of claim 1 comprising (i) reacting an aromatic compound with an epoxide, or a (poly)ether to form an intermediate (or an aromatic polyol), and (ii) reacting the intermediate with a metal base.
23. A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising supplying to the internal combustion engine a lubricating composition including an oil soluble salt comprising:
(a) a conjugate anion of an aromatic compound, the aromatic compound a being neutral salt having a TBN of 130 to 200 mg KOH/g as determined by ASTM D2986-11 with a metal ratio of 0.7 to less than 2 or an overbased salt having a TBN of greater than 200 mg KOH/g as determined by ASTM D2986-11 with a metal ratio of 2 to 5, the aromatic compound being further represented by formula:
wherein
n is 1 or 2,
R 1 or R 2 are each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ;
R 3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 150 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyl group containing 6 to 36 carbon atoms, or an acyl group, —C(═O)OR 6 , or —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ;
R 4 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms, or CH 2 OR 8 ;
R 5 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or —(C═O)R 7 ;
R 6 is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or —(CH 2 CHR 4 —O—) m R 5 ;
R 7 may be a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms;
R 8 may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms;
m=1 to 20;
x is 0 to 2, or x is 2 and each R 3 is independently a hydrocarbyl group containing at least one carbon atom where together the R 3 moieties form a 5- or 6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl ring;
with the proviso that at least one of R 1 , R 2 or R 3 is not hydrogen and at least one of R 1 , R 2 or R 5 is a hydrogen; and
(b) a cation having an atomic weight of at least 10.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the internal combustion engine is selected from a heavy duty diesel internal combustion engine having a technically permissible maximum laden mass over 3,500 kg or a passenger car internal combustion engine having a reference mass not exceeding 2610 kg.