Electron beam generation for transmission electron microscope

1. A method of generating an electron beam in a transmission electron microscopy device, the method comprising:

generating an electron pulse by a pulsed electron source;

accelerating the electron pulse in a first resonant microwave cavity;

passing the accelerated electron pulse through a drift space; and

correcting an energy spread of the accelerated electron pulse in a second resonant microwave cavity by operating the second resonant microwave cavity out of phase by 90 degrees from the first resonant cavity.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein accelerating the electron pulse in the first resonant microwave cavity comprises passing the electron pulse through a booster cavity followed by a decompression cavity, operating the decompression cavity out of phase by −90 degrees from the booster cavity and operating the decompression cavity out of phase by 180 degrees from the second resonant cavity.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein generating the electron pulse by the pulsed electron source comprises delivering the pulse in phase with an oscillation of the fields in the first resonant microwave cavity.

4. A device for generating an electron beam, the device comprising:

a pulsed electron source configured to generate an electron pulse;

a first resonant microwave cavity configured to accelerate the electron pulse;

a second resonant microwave cavity configured to correct an energy spread of the accelerated electron pulse;

a drift space separating the first resonant microwave cavity from the second resonant microwave cavity;

a phase shifter connected to the first resonant microwave cavity and the second resonant microwave cavity, configured to adjust an RF phase difference between the first resonant microwave cavity and the second resonant microwave cavity to a value substantially equal to 90 degrees.

5. The device of claim 4 further comprising a RF power supply that feeds RF power into both the first resonant microwave cavity and the second resonant microwave cavity.

6. The device of claim 4 further comprising a decompression cavity positioned between the first resonant microwave cavity and the second resonant microwave cavity.

7. The device of claim 6 further comprising a second phase shifter configured to adjust an RF phase difference between the decompression cavity and the first resonant microwave cavity and a third phase shifter configured to adjust an RF phase difference between the decompression cavity and the second resonant microwave cavity.

8. The device of claim 7 wherein the second phase shifter is configured to adjust the RF phase difference between the decompression cavity and the first resonant microwave cavity to a value substantially equal to −90 degrees.

9. The device of claim 8 wherein the third phase shifter is configured to adjust an RF phase difference between the decompression cavity and the second resonant microwave cavity to a value substantially equal to 180 degrees.

10. The device of claim 4 wherein the drift space has length L larger than a total cavity length.

11. The device of claim 10 wherein the drift space has length L at least 10 cm.

12. The device of claim 11 wherein the drift space has length L=40 cm.

13. The device of claim 4 wherein the first resonant microwave cavity is a cylindrically symmetric TM 010 pillbox cavity.

14. The device of claim 4 wherein the first resonant microwave cavity comprises three stacked cylindrically symmetric TM 010 pillbox cavities.

15. The device of claim 4 wherein the second resonant microwave cavity is a cylindrically symmetric TM 010 pillbox cavity.