Mobile device with radio frequency transmission line
This disclosure relates to a mobile device with a transmission line for a radio frequency (RF) signal. The transmission line includes a bonding layer having a bonding surface, a barrier layer proximate the bonding layer, a diffusion barrier layer proximate the barrier layer, and a conductive layer proximate the diffusion barrier layer. The barrier layer and the diffusion barrier layer are configured to prevent conductive material from the conductive layer from entering the bonding layer. The diffusion barrier layer has a thickness sufficiently small such that a radio frequency signal is allowed to penetrate the diffusion barrier layer and propagate in the conductive layer.
1. A mobile device comprising:
a transmission line including a bonding layer having a bonding surface, a barrier layer proximate the bonding layer, a diffusion barrier layer proximate the barrier layer, and a conductive layer proximate the diffusion barrier layer, the barrier layer and the diffusion barrier layer configured to prevent conductive material from the conductive layer from entering the bonding layer, the diffusion barrier layer having a thickness sufficiently small such that a radio frequency signal is allowed to penetrate the diffusion barrier layer and propagate in the conductive layer;
a wire bond bonded to the bonding layer; and
a die including a radio frequency component configured to generate the radio frequency signal, the wire bond extending from the die to the bonding layer;
an antenna coupled to the transmission line, the antenna configured to transmit a radio frequency output signal; and
a battery, the transmission line configured to extend an amount of time for the battery to discharge.
2. The mobile device of claim 1 further comprising a power amplifier having an output coupled to the transmission line.
3. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the diffusion barrier layer includes nickel.
4. The mobile device of claim 3 wherein the thickness of the diffusion barrier layer is less than the skin depth of nickel at a frequency of about 0.45 GHz.
5. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the bonding layer includes gold, the barrier line includes palladium, and the diffusion barrier layer includes nickel.
6. The mobile device of claim 5 wherein the diffusion barrier layer has a thickness that is less than the skin depth of the nickel at 1.9 GHz.
7. The mobile device of claim 5 wherein the diffusion barrier layer has a thickness that is less than 0.35 um.
8. The mobile device of claim 7 wherein the thickness of the diffusion barrier layer is at least 0.04 um.
9. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the radio frequency component includes a power amplifier.
10. A mobile device comprising:
a transmission line including a bonding layer having a bonding surface, a barrier layer proximate the bonding layer, a diffusion barrier layer proximate the barrier layer, and a conductive layer proximate the diffusion barrier layer, the barrier layer and the diffusion barrier layer configured to prevent conductive material from the conductive layer from entering the bonding layer, the diffusion barrier layer having a thickness sufficiently small such that a radio frequency signal is allowed to penetrate the diffusion barrier layer and propagate in the conductive layer;
a die including a radio frequency component configured to provide the radio frequency signal to a wire bond extending from the die to the bonding surface of the radio frequency transmission line; and
an antenna coupled to the transmission line.
11. The mobile device of claim 10 wherein the diffusion barrier layer includes nickel and has a thickness that is less than 0.35 um.
12. The mobile device of claim 10 wherein the bonding layer includes gold, the barrier line includes palladium, and the diffusion barrier layer includes nickel.
13. The mobile device of claim 12 wherein the diffusion barrier layer has a thickness that is less than the skin depth of the nickel at 1.9 GHz.
14. The mobile device of claim 12 wherein the diffusion barrier layer has a thickness that is less than 0.3 um and at least 0.04 um.
15. The mobile device of claim 10 wherein the radio frequency component includes a power amplifier.
16. The mobile device of claim 10 wherein the radio frequency component includes a radio frequency switch.
17. The mobile device of claim 10 further comprising a battery configured to power the mobile device.
18. A mobile device comprising:
a transmission line including a bonding layer having a bonding surface, a barrier layer proximate the bonding layer, a diffusion barrier layer proximate the barrier layer, and a conductive layer proximate the diffusion barrier layer, the barrier layer and the diffusion barrier layer configured to prevent conductive material from the conductive layer from entering the bonding layer, the diffusion barrier layer having a thickness sufficiently small such that a radio frequency signal is allowed to penetrate the diffusion barrier layer and propagate in the conductive layer, the radio frequency signal having a frequency of at least 1.9 GHz;
a die including a radio frequency component configured to provide the radio frequency signal to the radio frequency transmission line;
a wire bond extending from the die to the bonding surface of the bonding layer; and
an antenna coupled to the transmission line.
19. The mobile device of claim 18 wherein the frequency of the radio frequency signal is at least 5 GHz.
20. The mobile device of claim 18 wherein the diffusion barrier layer is a nickel layer having a thickness in a range from 0.04 um to 0.2 um, and the bonding layer is a gold layer having a thickness in a range from 0.05 um to 0.15 um.