Fluid management systems and methods

1. A fluid deficit management method comprising:

positioning two electrodes adjacent to a volume of a fluid contained within a fluid reservoir,

wherein the two electrodes are separated by a distance;

connecting the two electrodes to a capacitance measuring module by wires;

applying an electrical signal to the two electrodes;

receiving an electrical signal from the two electrodes,

wherein the capacitance measuring module is configured and adapted to measure a capacitance based upon a sensed electrical signal received from the two electrodes;

determining, based upon the measured capacitance, whether the fluid in the fluid reservoir is an ionic fluid or a non-ionic fluid relative to a pre-determined capacitance threshold;

outputting a signal indicating that the fluid is either ionic or non-ionic;

setting a maximum fluid deficit threshold at a first value based on a determination that the fluid in the fluid reservoir is an ionic fluid and setting the maximum fluid deficit threshold at a second value based on a determination that the fluid in the fluid reservoir is a non-ionic fluid,

wherein the first value is greater than the second value;

supplying a first measured quantity of fluid from the fluid reservoir to a site within a body;

removing a second measured quantity of fluid from the site within the body;

subtracting the second measured quantity of fluid from the first measured quantity of fluid to obtain a measured fluid deficit parameter;

comparing the measured fluid deficit parameter to the maximum fluid deficit threshold; and

outputting an alarm signal when the measured fluid deficit parameter is greater than the maximum fluid deficit threshold.

2. The fluid deficit management method of claim 1 , further comprising sounding an audible alarm when the alarm signal is present.

3. The fluid deficit management method of claim 1 , further comprising displaying one or more warning signals or messages when the alarm signal is present.

4. The fluid deficit management method of claim 1 , further comprising terminating

supplying fluid to a site within a body when the alarm signal is present.

5. The fluid deficit management method of claim 1 , wherein the two electrodes are not in direct contact with the fluid in the fluid reservoir.

6. The fluid deficit management method of claim 1 , wherein the two electrodes are embedded directly into fluid reservoir.

7. The fluid deficit management method of claim 1 , wherein the two electrodes are attached to an outer surface of the fluid reservoir.

8. The fluid deficit management method of claim 1 , wherein the two electrodes are pressed against an outer surface of the fluid reservoir.

9. The fluid deficit management method of claim 1 , wherein the two electrodes are attached to an outer surface of the fluid reservoir as a component of a patch.

10. The fluid deficit management method of claim 9 , wherein the patch includes an adhesive material.

11. A method of managing fluid loss from an inflated body cavity, the method comprising:

positioning a pair of electrodes adjacent to a volume of a fluid contained within a fluid reservoir, the pair of electrodes electrically connected to a controller, wherein the controller is configured to receive signals from the pair of electrodes;

determining whether the fluid in a fluid reservoir is an ionic fluid or a non-ionic fluid based on capacitance signals received by the controller from the pair of electrodes,

wherein the controller determines that the fluid in the fluid reservoir is an ionic fluid if the capacitance is lower than a threshold, and

wherein the controller determines that the fluid in the fluid reservoir is a non-ionic fluid if the capacitance is greater than or equal to the threshold;

setting a fluid deficit alarm signal based on a determination of whether the fluid in the fluid reservoir is an ionic fluid or a non-ionic fluid,

wherein a fluid loss alarm threshold has a first value if the controller determined the that the fluid in the fluid reservoir is an ionic fluid and the fluid loss alarm threshold has a second value if the controller determined that the fluid in the fluid reservoir is a non-ionic fluid, wherein the first value and the second value are different;

determining a fluid loss parameter equal to a difference between a first measured quantity of fluid supplied to a site within a body and a second measured quantity of fluid removed from the site within the body;

comparing the fluid loss parameter to the fluid loss alarm threshold; and

outputting an alarm signal when the fluid loss parameter is greater than the fluid loss alarm threshold.

12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising sounding an audible alarm when the alarm signal is present.

13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising displaying one or more warning signals or messages when the alarm signal is present.

14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising terminating

supplying fluid to a site within a body when the alarm signal is present.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the pair of electrodes are not in direct contact with the fluid in the fluid reservoir.

16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the pair of electrodes are embedded directly into fluid reservoir.

17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the pair of electrodes are attached to an outer surface of the fluid reservoir.

18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the pair of electrodes are pressed against an outer surface of the fluid reservoir.

19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the pair of electrodes are attached to an outer surface of the fluid reservoir as a component of a patch.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the patch includes an adhesive material.