Antenna device

1. An antenna device comprising:

a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter, and a third phase shifter;

a first connection part that electrically connects between the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter directly in series;

a second connection part that electrically connects between the second phase shifter and the third phase shifter directly in series; and

a power feed part that feeds electric power to the first phase shifter to the third phase shifter,

wherein the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter, and the second phase shifter and the third phase shifter respectively have characteristic impedance being discontinuous with respect to each other at the first connection part and the second connection part.

2. The antenna device according to claim 1 ,

wherein the antenna device emits a beam, and

the first phase shifter to the third phase shifter scan the beam by controlling a corresponding phase.

3. The antenna device according to claim 1 ,

wherein the antenna device is configured by causing the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter, or the first phase shifter to the third phase shifter, to serve as a unit cell, and repeatedly arranging the unit cell, and

the unit cell each has a periodic phase delay.

4. The antenna device according to claim 1 ,

wherein each of the first phase shifter to the third phase shifter includes a hybrid coupler having a first port, a second port, a third port, and a fourth port, and two variable reactance elements capable of controlling a reactance value,

one ends of the two variable reactance elements are connected one-by-one with the second port and the third port, and

another ends of the two variable reactance elements are short-circuited.

5. The antenna device according to claim 4 , wherein the antenna device scans the beam by controlling a capacitance value of the variable reactance element.

6. The antenna device according to claim 4 ,

wherein the hybrid coupler includes a main line and a sub line having a characteristic impedance being different from each other,

the connection part connects the main line of the hybrid coupler with the main line of the hybrid coupler, and

the characteristic impedance of the main line is different between the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter, and between the second phase shifter and the third phase shifter.

7. The antenna device according to claim 1 ,

wherein the first phase shifter to the third phase shifter have an arrangement structure in which a terminating part is connected with a resistor or a reactance, or is open or short-circuited.

8. The antenna device according to claim 1 ,

wherein both or either one of a total length of the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter and a total length of the second phase shifter and the third phase shifter is shorter than a length half a free space wavelength at a predetermined frequency.

9. The antenna device according to claim 1 , further comprising two or more groups of arrangement structures of the first phase shifter to the third phase shifter, and a parallel connection part,

wherein the parallel connection part parallelly connects respective one ends of the two or more groups of the arrangement structures, and

the power feed part feeds electric power to the two or more groups of the arrangement structures.

10. The antenna device according to claim 1 ,

wherein a total phase delay of the first phase shifter to the third phase shifter is an integral multiple of a value twice a circumference ratio at a predetermined frequency.

11. The antenna device according to claim 1 ,

wherein the first phase shifter to the third phase shifter have an attenuation constant of substantially zero at a predetermined frequency.

12. The antenna device according to claim 1 , further comprising a control line for sending a control signal necessary for the first phase shifter to the third phase shifter to control each phase.

13. The antenna device according to claim 1 ,

wherein the first phase shifter to the third phase shifter are arranged linearly.

14. The antenna device according to claim 1 , further comprising one or a plurality of radiation elements, wherein the one radiation element is connected with the one connection part.

15. An antenna device comprising:

a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter, and a third phase shifter;

a first connection part that electrically connects between the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter directly in series;

a second connection part that electrically connects between the second phase shifter and the third phase shifter directly in series; and

a transceiver that performs both or either one of transmission and reception of a frequency-variable signal to the first phase shifter to the third phase shifter,

wherein the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter, and the second phase shifter and the third phase shifter respectively have characteristic impedance being discontinuous with respect to each other at the first connection part and the second connection part, and the transceiver scans a radiation beam by controlling a frequency.

16. An antenna device comprising:

a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter, and a third phase shifter; and

a transmission line, wherein

each of the first phase shifter to the third phase shifter includes a hybrid coupler having a first port, a second port, a third port, and a fourth port, and two variable reactance elements capable of controlling a reactance value,

the transmission line electrically connects between the fourth port of the first phase shifter and the first port of the second phase shifter, and between the fourth port of the second phase shifter and the first port of the third phase shifter directly in series, and

the first phase shifter and the transmission line, the second phase shifter and the transmission line, and the third phase shifter and the phase shifter have characteristic impedance being discontinuous with respect to each other.