Target well ranging method, apparatus, and system
A ranging signal and a reference signal are generated. The reference signal has a lower frequency than the ranging signal. The reference signal is transmitted through a geological formation to be received by a ranging tool in a ranging well while the ranging signal is launched down a target well. The reference signal is reconstructed in the ranging well and a signal that is a combination of the ranging signal launched from the target well and noise are received in the ranging well. The received signal may be in the form of magnetic or electric field values or changes in these fields. The reconstructed reference signal, in combination with the received signal, is used to produce a filtered ranging signal. A relative location of the target well can then be determined in relation to the ranging well based on the filtered ranging signal. The location information can be used to direct drilling operations.
1. A method for ranging between a target well and a ranging well, the method comprising:
generating a clock signal having a first frequency;
generating a ranging signal from the clock signal, the ranging signal having a second frequency based on the first frequency;
generating a reference signal from the clock signal, the reference signal having a third frequency that is lower than the first frequency;
launching the ranging signal from the target well;
transmitting the reference signal;
receiving the reference signal with a first receiver in the ranging well;
reconstructing the clock signal as a reconstructed clock signal based on the received reference signal;
using one of the first receiver or a second receiver in the ranging well, receiving a signal that is a combination of noise and the ranging signal launched from the target well;
producing a filtered ranging signal using the reconstructed clock signal in combination with the received signal that is the combination of noise and the ranging signal launched from the target well; and
determining a relative location of the target well in relation to the ranging well based on the filtered ranging signal.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein reconstructing the clock signal comprises:
receiving a propagated reference signal;
generating a pair of quadrature signals from the received propagated reference signal; and
generating a rectangular signal from the received propagated reference signal.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising integrating a magnetic field over a time determined by the rectangular signal.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the time period comprises an integer multiple of an inverse of a fundamental frequency of the clock signal.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein integrating a magnetic field comprises integrating the magnetic field based on the received signal mixed with the pair of quadrature signals.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising steering a drill bit while drilling the ranging well in response to the relative location.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein generating the reference signal comprises:
generating an intermediate signal that has a frequency that is m times the first frequency; and
generating the reference signal using the intermediate signal that has a frequency equal to the frequency of the intermediate signal frequency divided by n wherein m/n<1.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising monitoring a magnetic field generated by the target well in response to the ranging signal using one of a magnetometer or a gradiometer in the ranging well.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein transmitting the reference signal comprises launching the reference signal into a surface of a geological formation, wherein the geological formation includes the target well and the ranging well.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein launching the reference signal into the surface comprises launching the reference signal with at least one of:
a loop antenna coupled to the surface or a plurality of ground contacts coupled to the surface.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
launching the reference signal to a well head of a well casing of the ranging well;
creating a signal that contains the reference signal and the ranging signal by summing the reference signal and the clock signal; and
launching the signal that contains the reference signal and the ranging signal down a well head of a casing of the target well.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the reference signal is not an integral harmonic of the first frequency.
13. A transmitter apparatus comprising:
an oscillator circuit that generates a clock signal having a first frequency;
a frequency scaler circuit, coupled to the oscillator circuit, that generates a reference signal having a second frequency that is lower than the first frequency, wherein the reference signal is not an integral harmonic of the first frequency;
a ranging signal generation circuit, coupled to the oscillator circuit and a casing of a target well, to generate a ranging signal having a third frequency based on the first frequency, the ranging signal transmitted on the casing of a target well and down the target well; and
a transmitter circuit, coupled to the frequency scaler circuit, configured to transmit the reference signal into a surface of a geological formation;
wherein the reference signal is a received by a receiver in a ranging well; wherein the receiver reconstructs the clock signal as a reconstructed clock signal based on the reference signal; wherein the ranging signal is received by the receiver to produce a filtered ranging signal using the reconstructed clock signal in combination with noise and the ranging signal; and
wherein the filtered ranging signal is indicative of a relative location of the target well in relation to the ranging well.
14. The transmitter apparatus of claim 13 wherein the transmitter circuit is at least one of:
a loop antenna coupled to the surface or a plurality of dipole antenna coupled to the surface.