Compositions of gallium (III) complexes for oral administration
The present invention relates to dosage forms of gallium complexes suitable for oral delivery and methods of preparation thereof. Such dosage forms are useful for the treatment of diseases, including, but not limited to, cancer.
1. An oral dosage formulation comprising GaQ3 in amorphous or nanoparticulate form dispersed in a dispersant at a weight ratio of GaQ3:dispersant between 9:1 and 1:9, prepared by a process comprising either:
converting GaQ3 to an amorphous state in the presence of said dispersant wherein both GaQ3 and dispersant are dissolved in a solvent and evaporating the solvent to obtain an amorphous dispersion; or
suspending a nanoparticulate form in said dispersant dissolved in a solvent and evaporating the solvent to obtain said nanoparticulate surrounded by a dispersant layer; and
wherein the amorphous or nanoparticulate GaQ3 in said dispersant is protected by an enteric or delayed release coating.
2. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the GaQ3 is amorphous and the GaQ3 and dispersant are dissolved and spray-dried together.
3. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the dispersant comprises a methacrylic acid: methacrylate copolymer.
4. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the enteric or delayed release coating comprises a methacrylic acid: methacrylate copolymer.
5. The formulation of any of claims 1 - 4 wherein the GaQ3 is tris (8-quinolinolato) gallium (III).
6. The formulation of claim 1 wherein said GaQ3 is amorphous tris (8-quinolinolato) gallium (III) in a 1:1 wt/wt dispersion with Eudragit L-100 and has the powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) shown in FIG. 1 , curve A.
7. The formulation of claim 1 wherein said GaQ3 exhibits an immediate peak of dissolution when mixed with aqueous medium.
8. The formulation of claim 1 , which when administered to dogs at a dose of GaQ3 of 10 mg/kg, provides an AUC in plasma at least 200 times the AUC in plasma of dogs administered 10 mg/kg of crystalline GaQ3.
9. The formulation of claim 1 , which when administered to dogs at a dose of GaQ3 of 10 mg/kg, provides a Cmax in plasma of at least 2336 ng/ml.
10. The formulation of claim 1 , which when administered to dogs at a dose of GaQ3 of 10 mg/kg, provides an AUC in plasma of at least 60546 ng*hr/ml.
11. The formulation of claim 1 , which when administered to fasted female dogs at a dose of GaQ3 of 1 mg/kg, provides an AUC in plasma of at least 4381 ng*hr/ml.
12. The formulation of claim 1 , which when administered to fasted male dogs at a dose of GaQ3 of 1 mg/kg, provides an AUC in plasma of at least 4227 ng*hr/ml.
13. The formulation of claim 1 , which when administered to fasted female dogs at a dose of GaQ3 of 1 mg/kg, provides a Cmax in plasma of at least 330 ng/ml.
14. The formulation of claim 1 , which when administered to fasted male dogs at a dose of GaQ3 of 1 mg/kg, provides a Cmax in plasma of at least 310 ng/ml.
15. The formulation of claim 1 wherein said GaQ3 maintains its amorphonanocrystalline state when exposed to water vapor or to 75% relative humidity.
16. A method to administer a gallium complex to a subject which method comprises providing said subject with the formulation of claim 1 .
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the subject is human or a laboratory animal model.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein the subject requires treatment for cancer.