Composite structural member for a building structure
View Patent ↗A composite structural member for a building structure comprises a first elongate portion having a first end region and a second end region and a second elongate portion having a first end region and a second end region. The second end region of the first elongate portion is connected to the first end region of the second elongate portion so that the composite structural member provided thereby is substantially longer than either of the first and second elongate portions. The first elongate portion may comprise a first member suited for resisting high magnitude forces and the second elongate portion may be a second member, less well suited for resisting high forces but having lower cost per unit length. The composite structural member may be a rafter, especially a rafter of a portal frame.
1. A composite rafter for a building structure comprising:
a first member having a first end region and a second end region, and a second member having a first end region and a second end region,
said first member having a first capacity to resist bending moments and said second member having a second capacity to resist bending moments, said second capacity being less than said first capacity,
wherein said first end region of said first member being connected or connectable to a support portion of said building structure, said second end region of said first member being connected to said first end region of said second member in use so that said rafter has a length, and said rafter in use spans a distance, that is longer than either of the combined length of said first and second members, and when said rafter is in use said first member is connected to said support portion of said building structure and said second end region of said second member is located higher than said first end region of said first member, said rafter bearing bending moments which vary along the length of said rafter, said bending moments that are close to said first end region of said first member being in a first direction, which bending moments decrease in magnitude moving away from said first end region and toward said second end region of said second member before reaching a point of contraflexure part-way along said length of said rafter, the magnitude of said bending moment increasing but in a second direction, opposite to said first direction, moving further along said rafter away from said point of contraflexure towards said second end of said second element, said point of contraflexure being located between said first and said second ends of said second member, with the result that the distance between said point of contraflexure and said first end region of said second member is such that no part of said second element bears a bending moment in excess of said second capacity.
2. A composite rafter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said first member has a length and comprises a first elongate structural component extending substantially the entire length thereof, and wherein said second member has a length and comprises a second elongate structural component extending substantially the entire length thereof.
3. A composite rafter as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said first elongate structural component is made of a first material and said second elongate structural component is made of a second material which is different from said first material.
4. A composite rafter as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said different materials are different grades of steel.
5. A composite rafter as claimed in claim 3 , wherein substantially the entire length of one, and only one, of said first and said second elongate structural components comprises a hot rolled steel member.
6. A composite rafter as claimed in claim 3 , wherein substantially the entire length of one, and only one, of said first and said second elongate structural components comprises a cold formed steel member.
7. A composite rafter as claimed in claim 3 , wherein substantially the entire length of said first elongate structural component comprises a hot rolled steel member and substantially the entire length of the other elongate structural component comprises a cold formed steel member.
8. A composite rafter as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said first material comprises concrete.
9. A composite rafter as claimed in claim 3 , wherein
said first elongate structural component being manufactured by a process comprising one or more of: casting metal; extruding metal; constructing an open lattice or web of metal members; and
said second elongate structural component being manufactured by a process comprising one or more of: welding together metal sections along their lengths to form an elongate beam; manufacturing a timber beam.
10. A composite rafter as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said rafter has a length of at least 12 metres and wherein the length of said first elongate structural component is between 15% and 40% of the length of said rafter.
11. A composite rafter as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said first and said second elongate structural components are different types of structural component by virtue of being made of different types of material, wherein one of said first and said second elongate structural components comprises a hot rolled steel member; and the other of said first and said second elongate structural components comprises a cold formed steel member, and wherein said rafter being useable for a portal frame of a building.
12. A composite rafter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said first member has a first structure and said second member has a second structure which is different from said first structure.
13. A composite rafter as claimed in claim 12 , wherein said first structure comprises a metal section, and said second structure comprises two or more metal sections connected along their lengths.