Brine resistant silica sol
A brine resistant silica sol is described and claimed. This brine resistant silica sol comprises an aqueous colloidal silica mixture that has been surface functionalized with at least one moiety selected from the group consisting of a monomeric hydrophilic organosilane, a mixture of monomeric hydrophilic organosilane(s) and monomeric hydrophobic organosilane(s), or a polysiloxane oligomer, wherein the surface functionalized brine resistant aqueous colloidal silica sol passes at least two of three of these brine resistant tests: API Brine Visual, 24 Hour Seawater Visual and API Turbidity Meter.
1. A method of recovering hydrocarbon from subterranean formation, comprising
a) introducing to the subterranean formation a fluid comprising a brine resistant aqueous silica sol, wherein the brine resistant aqueous silica sol comprises silica particles surface functionalized with a polysiloxane oligomer comprising
a monomeric unit of glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and
a monomeric unit selected from the group consisting of phenyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, and hexamethyldisiloxane;
wherein the silica particles have an average diameter of between about 1 nm and about 100 nm, and
wherein the brine resistant aqueous silica sol is stable to brine exposure under at least two of the tests selected from the group consisting of
1) API Brine by Visual Observation,
2) Artificial Seawater by Visual Observation, and
3) API Brine Resistance Test by use of a Turbidimeter,
wherein under the test of API Brine by Visual Observation or Artificial Seawater by Visual Observation, a stable aqueous silica sol does not become visibly hazy and opaque or undergo gelation at 10 minutes or 24 hours after brine exposure; and
wherein under the test of API Brine Resistance Test by use of a Turbidimeter, a stable aqueous silica sol does not have a change in turbidity of more than 100 Nephelometric Turbidity Units at 24 hours after brine exposure compared to initial turbidity after brine exposure,
wherein the monomeric unit of glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and monomeric unit of phenyltrimethoxysilane, exhibit a critical surface tension in the range of from about 40 mN/m to about 50 mN/m; and
wherein the methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, isobutyl trimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl)ethyltrimethoxysilane and hexamethyldisiloxane; exhibit a critical surface tension in the range of from about 15 mN/m to about 39.5 mN/m; and
b) recovering the hydrocarbon from the subterranean formation.
2. The Method of claim 1 , in which the silica particles are surface functionalized with the polysiloxane oligomer comprising the monomeric unit of glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the monomeric unit of phenyltrimethoxysilane.
3. The Method of claim 1 , in which the silica particles are surface functionalized with the polysiloxane oligomer comprising the monomeric unit of glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the monomeric unit of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
4. The Method of claim 1 , in which the silica particles are surface functionalized with the polysiloxane oligomer comprising the monomeric unit of glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the monomeric unit of isobutyltrimethoxysilane.
5. The Method of claim 1 , in which the silica particles are surface functionalized with the polysiloxane oligomer comprising the monomeric unit of glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the monomeric unit of vinyltrimethoxysilane.
6. The Method of claim 1 , in which the silica particles are surface functionalized with the polysiloxane oligomer comprising the monomeric unit of glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the monomeric unit of 2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl)ethyltrimethoxysilane.
7. The Method of claim 1 , in which the silica particles are surface functionalized with the polysiloxane oligomer comprising the monomeric unit of glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the monomeric unit of hexamethyldisiloxane.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica particles have an average diameter of between about 5 nm and about 30 nm.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica particles have an average diameter of less than or equal to 25 nm.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the silica particles have an average diameter of between about 5 nm and about 30 nm.
11. The method of claim 3 , wherein the silica particles have an average diameter of between about 5 nm and about 30 nm.
12. The method of claim 4 , wherein the silica particles have an average diameter of between about 5 nm and about 30 nm.
13. The method of claim 5 , wherein the silica particles have an average diameter of between about 5 nm and about 30 nm.
14. The method of claim 6 , wherein the silica particles have an average diameter of between about 5 nm and about 30 nm.
15. The method of claim 7 , wherein the silica particles have an average diameter of between about 5 nm and about 30 nm.