Upgrading hydrogen deficient streams using hydrogen donor streams in a hydropyrolysis process
Disclosed is a method for producing olefins and aromatic compounds from a hydrogen lean carbon containing feed, the method comprising hydropyrolyzing the hydrogen lean carbon containing feed in the presence of a hydrogen donor feed under reaction conditions sufficient to produce a product comprising olefins and aromatic compounds or a hydrocarbonaceous stream, wherein the hydrocarbonaceous stream is further processed into olefins and aromatic compounds, wherein the olefins and aromatic compounds from (i) or the hydrocarbonaceous stream from (ii) are each obtained by hydrogenation of the hydrogen lean carbon containing feed with the hydrogen donor feed and cracking of carbonaceous compounds comprised in the hydrogenated feed, and wherein the hydrogen donor feed comprises a compound that donates hydrogen to carbonaceous compounds in the hydrogen lean feed.
1. A method for producing olefins and aromatic compounds from a hydrogen lean carbon containing feed, the method comprising:
hydropyrolyzing the hydrogen lean carbon containing feed comprising carbonaceous compounds in the presence of a catalyst comprising a mixture of a spent FCC catalyst and a ZSM-5 catalyst and a hydrogen donor feed at a temperature of 400° C. to 700° C. in a first stage of a reactor to produce a product comprising:
(i) olefins and aromatic compounds; or
(ii) a hydrocarbonaceous stream, wherein the hydrocarbonaceous stream is further processed into olefins and aromatic compounds,
wherein the olefins and aromatic compounds from (i) or the hydrocarbonaceous stream from (ii) are each obtained by hydrogenation of the hydrogen lean carbon containing feed with the hydrogen donor feed to produce a hydrogenated feed and cracking of carbonaceous compounds comprised in the hydrogenated feed, the cracking of carbonaceous compounds comprised in the hydrogenated feed results in un-cracked or cracked hydrogenated feed,
wherein the hydrogen donor feed comprises at least one compound that donates hydrogen to the carbonaceous compounds in the hydrogen lean carbon containing feed, said at least one compound being a compound other than H 2 ,
wherein the hydrogen lean carbon containing feed is selected from the group consisting of plant material and aquatic material, or a mixture thereof and the compound in the hydrogen donor feed that donates hydrogen to the carbonaceous compounds in the hydrogen lean carbon containing feed is a polymer,
wherein the hydropyrolyzing is conducted at a pressure of about 17.5 MPa, and
wherein a catalyst to feed ratio, defined as a mass ratio between the catalyst and a mixture of the hydrogen lean carbon containing feed and the hydrogen donor feed, ranges from 6.01 to 9.02 g/g.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises reforming carbon compounds from the un-cracked or cracked hydrogenated feed to aromatic compounds.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen lean carbon containing feed consists of aquatic material.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide, polycarbonate, polyurethane, and polyester, or any combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spent FCC catalyst is selected from the group consisting of X zeolites, Y zeolites or USY zeolites, mordenite zeolites, faujasite zeolites, nano-crystalline zeolites, MCM framework mesoporous materials, SBA-15 mesoporous silica, silico-alumino phosphate, gallophosphate, titanophosphate, or any combination thereof as is, or present in an active or inactive state.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein a combination of the hydrogen lean carbon containing feed and the hydrogen donor feed comprises greater than 12 wt. % of hydrogen.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor further comprises a second stage, and wherein one or more of the following reactions occur(s) in the first stage of the reactor or in the second stage of the reactor:
(a) removal of side chains present in mono-aromatic compounds present in the un-cracked or cracked hydrogenated feed;
(b) aromatization of paraffins, olefins, or naphthenes present in the un-cracked or cracked hydrogenated feed;
(c) hydrogenation of coke or minimization of coke formation;
(d) isomerization of compounds present in the un-cracked or cracked hydrogenated feed; or
(e) hydrodeoxygenation of compounds present in the un-cracked or cracked hydrogenated feed to aromatic compounds.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst to the ZSM-5 catalyst is 3:1.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aquatic material has a hydrogen content of 3, 2, 1, or less than 1 wt. %.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the aquatic material has a hydrogen content of 3, 2, 1, or less than 1 wt. %.