Epicardial mapping
Electroanatomic mapping of the epicardium includes acquiring first and second electroanatomic data from first and second epicardial locations, acquiring a closed 3-dimensional image of the epicardium and modeling the image as a 3-dimensional triangular mesh. The first and second locations align with front-facing triangles and rear-facing triangles of the mesh. The second locations are projected from the rear-facing triangles onto the closest front-facing triangles. The first and second electroanatomic data are displayed on the front-facing triangles and the closest front-facing triangles, respectively.
1. A method, comprising the steps of:
acquiring first electroanatomic data at first locations and second electroanatomic data at second locations on an epicardial surface of a heart;
acquiring a closed 3-dimensional image of the epicardial surface;
modeling the image as a 3-dimensional mesh of triangles, including rear-facing triangles and front-facing triangles;
placing the first locations and the second locations in registration with the mesh wherein the first locations align with first front-facing triangles and the second locations align with rear-facing triangles;
projecting the second locations onto second front-facing triangles; and
displaying the first electroanatomic data on the first front-facing triangles and the second electroanatomic data on the second front-facing triangles,
wherein projecting the second locations comprises:
identifying respective closest front-facing triangles to the rear-facing triangles; and
associating the second locations with the closest front-facing triangles.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein displaying comprises constructing an electroanatomic map of the first locations and the second locations.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mesh has a center of mass and an exterior, further comprising the steps of:
constructing first vectors from the center of mass to each of the triangles;
constructing second vectors from each of the triangles toward the exterior of the mesh;
calculating respective dot products of the first vectors and the second vectors; and
identifying the triangles as front-facing triangles and rear-facing triangles when the dot products are positive and negative, respectively.
4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising deleting the rear facing triangles from the mesh after projecting the second locations.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein acquiring a closed 3-dimensional image is performed using a fast anatomical mapping algorithm.
6. An apparatus, comprising:
a probe, adapted for insertion into a pericardial space of a heart, the probe comprising an elongated body, a location sensor, an ultrasound imaging transducer and at least one mapping electrode disposed on a distal portion of the body;
a memory having programs stored therein;
a display; and
a processor linked to the display and being coupled to access the memory to execute the programs, the processor being connectable to receive inputs provided by the at least one mapping electrode and the ultrasound imaging transducer, wherein the programs cause the processor to perform the steps of:
acquiring from the probe first electroanatomic data at first locations and second electroanatomic data at second locations on an epicardial surface of the heart;
acquiring a closed 3-dimensional image of the epicardial surface;
modeling the image as a 3-dimensional mesh of triangles, including rear facing triangles and front-facing triangles;
placing the first locations and the second locations in registration with the mesh wherein the first locations align with first front-facing triangles and the second locations align with rear-facing triangles;
projecting the second locations onto second front-facing triangles; and
with the display displaying the first electroanatomic data on the first front-facing triangles and the second electroanatomic data on the second front-facing triangles,
wherein projecting the second locations comprises:
identifying respective closest front-facing triangles to the rear-facing triangles; and
associating the second locations with the closest front-facing triangles.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein displaying comprises constructing an electroanatomic map of the first locations and the second locations.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the mesh has a center of mass and an exterior, wherein the processor is further programmed to perform the steps of:
constructing first vectors from the center of mass to each of the triangles;
constructing second vectors from each of the triangles toward the exterior of the mesh;
calculating respective dot products of the first vectors and the second vectors; and
identifying the triangles as front-facing triangles and rear-facing triangles when the dot products are positive and negative, respectively.
9. The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the processor is further programmed to delete the rear-facing triangles from the mesh after projecting the second locations.
10. The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein acquiring a closed 3-dimensional image is performed using a fast anatomical mapping algorithm.