High strength munitions structures with inherent chemical energy
A process for producing a munitions structure includes combining two or more transition metals including one or more of Zr, Hf, Ti, Ta, or Nb, and one or more other elements as alloying additions. The process further includes heating and fusing together the two or more transition metals and the one or more alloying additions to form a homogenous molten alloy. The homogenous molten alloy is cooled in a metallic mold to form a solid object with a desired shape for the munitions structure.
1. A process for producing a munitions structure, the process comprising:
combining:
two or more transition metals including one or more of Zr, Hf, Ti, Ta, or Nb, and
one or more other elements as alloying additions;
heating and fusing together the two or more transition metals and the one or more alloying additions to form a homogenous molten alloy; and
cooling the homogenous molten alloy in a metallic mold to form a solid object with a desired shape for the munitions structure,
wherein the homogenous molten alloy has a formula:
Zr a Hf b (Ta,Nb,Ti) c Cu d (Ni,Fe,Co) e Al f
such that a ranges from 40 to 60, b ranges from 0 to 14, c ranges from 2 to 5, d ranges from 10 to 35, e ranges from 5 to 20, and f ranges from 7 to 12.
2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising bringing the homogeneous molten alloy in contact with one or more reinforcement materials.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooling includes cooling the homogenous molten alloy at a rate of 500 K/sec or less.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooling includes cooling the homogenous molten alloy to form the solid object with at least 70% amorphous phase by volume.
5. The process of claim 1 , further comprising bringing the homogeneous molten alloy in contact with one or more of: refractory metals, ceramics, or a combination of refractory metals and ceramics.
6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising bringing the homogeneous molten alloy in contact with one or more of: high strength steel, stainless steel, tantalum, tungsten, nickel alloy, cobalt alloy, molybdenum, or niobium alloy.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooling includes cooling the homogeneous molten alloy in contact with a reinforcement material having a shape of a wire or a particulate.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooling includes cooling the homogenous molten alloy to form the solid object as a high-strength reactive alloy having an oxygen impurity content of less than 1,000 ppm.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the oxygen impurity content is less than 500 ppm.
10. The process of claim 8 , wherein the oxygen impurity content is less than 200 ppm.
11. A process for producing a munitions structure, the process comprising:
combining:
Zr, and
two or more elements including one or more of Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, Hf, Al, Ti, Ta, or Nb;
heating and fusing together the Zr and the two or more elements to form a homogenous molten alloy; and
cooling the homogenous molten alloy to form a solid object with a desired shape for the munitions structure,
wherein the homogenous molten alloy has a formula:
Zr a Hf b (Ta,Nb,Ti) c Cu d (Ni,Fe,Co) e Al f
such that a ranges from 40 to 60, b ranges from 0 to 14, c ranges from 2 to 5, d ranges from 10 to 35, e ranges from 5 to 20, and f ranges from 7 to 12.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the solid object has a form of an amorphous phase at least 70% by volume.
13. The process of claim 11 , wherein the homogenous molten alloy is a high strength reactive alloy having:
a yield strength of at least 200 ksi,
an elastic strain limit of at least 1.8%, and
an enthalpy of oxidation of at least 15,000 calories per cc.
14. The process of claim 11 , wherein the homogenous molten alloy is substantially defined by the formula Zr 43 Hf 14 Nb 5 Cu 15.4 Ni 12.6 Al 10 .
15. The process of claim 11 , wherein the homogenous molten alloy has the following formula:
Zr a Hf b (Nb,Ti) c Cu d (Ni,Fe) e Al f
wherein the ratio of (a+b+c) to (d+e) ranges from 1.2 to 2.5, and the ratio of (a+b) to c ranges from 10 to 20.
16. The process of claim 11 , wherein the homogenous molten alloy is a bulk metallic glass.
17. The process of claim 11 , wherein the homogenous molten alloy is a high strength reactive alloy having an elastic strain limit of at least 1.2% and an enthalpy of oxidation of at least 1,400 calories per gram.
18. The process of claim 11 , wherein the solid object is a high strength reactive alloy without internal particle boundaries defined by oxide layers.
19. The process of claim 11 , wherein the cooling includes cooling the homogeneous molten alloy in contact with a reinforcement material having a shape of a wire or a particulate.