Fluorescence based thermometry for packaging applications
Methods and apparatus for measuring the temperature of epoxy resin in an electronics package are provided herein. In some embodiments, apparatus for encapsulating an electronics package includes: a process chamber having a chamber body enclosing a processing volume; a substrate support having a support surface for receiving and supporting a substrate for forming an electronics package; and a temperature sensor to measure a temperature of an epoxy resin in an electronics package. The temperature sensor includes: an input apparatus including at least a light source disposed outside the chamber body to provide an excitation light energy to a portion of the epoxy resin; and an output apparatus including at least a signal analyzer disposed outside the chamber body to detect fluorescent light energy emitted by the portion of the epoxy resin and determine a temperature of the epoxy resin based on the excitation light energy and the fluorescent light energy.
1. Apparatus for encapsulating an electronics package, comprising:
a process chamber having a chamber body enclosing a processing volume, the chamber body including one or more windows configured to allow light energy to pass therethrough during operation;
a substrate support having a support surface for receiving and supporting a substrate for forming an electronics package; and
a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of an epoxy resin in an electronics package while the electronics package is being encapsulated within the processing volume, the temperature sensor including:
an input apparatus including at least a light source disposed outside the chamber body to provide an excitation light energy to a portion of the epoxy resin disposed on an underside of the substrate; and
an output apparatus including at least a signal analyzer disposed outside the chamber body to detect fluorescent light energy emitted by the portion of the epoxy resin disposed on the underside of the substrate and determine a temperature of the epoxy resin based on the excitation light energy and the fluorescent light energy.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a heat source disposed about the chamber body or in the processing volume.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more windows include a first window for ingress of the excitation light energy formed in the chamber body, and a second window for egress of the fluorescent light energy formed in the chamber body.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein a first optics arrangement is disposed between the light source and the first window, and wherein a second optics arrangement is disposed between the second window and the signal analyzer.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising a first optical conduit disposed through the first window and a second optical conduit disposed through the second window, wherein the first optical conduit is coupled to the light source and configured to provide a pathway for the excitation light energy to the portion of the epoxy resin, and wherein the second optical conduit is coupled to the signal analyzer and configured to provide a pathway for the fluorescent light energy emitted by the portion of the epoxy resin.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light source is an excimer laser.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the signal analyzer includes a fluorescence spectrophotometer.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate holder disposed about the substrate support, the substrate holder comprising:
one or more vertical supports; and
a plurality of vertically spaced apart peripheral members extending radially inward from the vertical supports and defining a plurality of vertically spaced apart substrate support positions.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , further comprising a plurality of temperature sensors, wherein different ones of the plurality of temperature sensors are positioned to sense a temperature of epoxy resin in an electronic package for substrates disposed in different ones of the plurality of substrate support positions.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the substrate holder further comprises a lift assembly to control the vertical position of the peripheral members.
11. A method for measuring a temperature of an epoxy resin in an electronics package, comprising:
(a) providing an excitation light beam to a portion of an epoxy resin disposed on an underside of a substrate in which an electronics package is formed while the electronics package is being encapsulated within a processing volume of chamber in which the electronics package is disposed;
(b) receiving a fluorescent light beam emitted from the portion of the epoxy resin disposed on the underside of the substrate;
(c) measuring an emission energy, a wavelength, and an intensity of the fluorescent light beam; and
(d) determining a temperature of the epoxy resin based on the excitation light beam and emitted fluorescent light beams.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising repeating (a)-(d) for each epoxy resin selected from a group of epoxy resins to develop a temperature reference look-up table for the group of epoxy resins.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising simultaneously measuring temperature of epoxy resin in multiple electronics packages.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the wavelength of the excitation light beam is between about 360 nm and about 400 nm.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein encapsulating the electronics package comprises temperature-sensitive processes including at least one of curing, pre-cleaning, or degassing.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein encapsulating the electronics package comprises temperature-sensitive processes including at least one of curing, pre-cleaning, or degassing.