Optical diffusing films and methods of making same
Optical diffusing films are made by microreplication from a structured surface tool. The tool is made using a 2-part electroplating process, wherein a first electroplating procedure forms a first metal layer with a first major surface, and a second electroplating procedure forms a second metal layer on the first metal layer, the second metal layer having a second major surface with a smaller average roughness than that of the first major surface. The second major surface can function as the structured surface of the tool. A replica of this surface can then be made in a major surface of an optical film to provide light diffusing properties. The structured surface and/or its constituent structures can be characterized in terms of various parameters such as optical haze, optical clarity, Fourier power spectra of the topography along orthogonal in-plane directions, ridge length per unit area, equivalent circular diameter (ECD), and/or aspect ratio.
1. An optical film, comprising:
a structured major surface comprising closely-packed structures arranged such that ridges are formed between adjacent structures, the structures being limited in size along two orthogonal in-plane directions;
wherein the structured major surface has a topography characterizable by a first and second Fourier power spectrum associated with respective first and second orthogonal in-plane directions, and wherein
to the extent the first Fourier power spectrum includes one or more first frequency peak not corresponding to zero frequency and being bounded by two adjacent valleys that define a first baseline, any such first frequency peak has a first peak ratio of less than 0.8, the first peak ratio being equal to an area between the first frequency peak and the first baseline divided by an area beneath the first frequency peak; and
to the extent the second Fourier power spectrum includes one or more second frequency peak not corresponding to zero frequency and being bounded by two adjacent valleys that define a second baseline, any such second frequency peak has a second peak ratio of less than 0.8, the second peak ratio being equal to an area between the second frequency peak and the second baseline divided by an area beneath the second frequency peak; and
wherein the structured major surface is characterized by a total ridge length per unit area in plan view of less than 200 mm/mm 2 .
2. The film of claim 1 , wherein the structured major surface comprises substantially no beads.
3. An optical film, comprising:
a structured major surface comprising closely-packed structures having curved base surfaces;
wherein the structured major surface has a topography characterizable by a first and second Fourier power spectrum associated with respective first and second orthogonal in-plane directions, and wherein
to the extent the first Fourier power spectrum includes one or more first frequency peak not corresponding to zero frequency and being bounded by two adjacent valleys that define a first baseline, any such first frequency peak has a first peak ratio of less than 0.8, the first peak ratio being equal to an area between the first frequency peak and the first baseline divided by an area beneath the first frequency peak; and
to the extent the second Fourier power spectrum includes one or more second frequency peak not corresponding to zero frequency and being bounded by two adjacent valleys that define a second baseline, any such second frequency peak has a second peak ratio of less than 0.8, the second peak ratio being equal to an area between the second frequency peak and the second baseline divided by an area beneath the second frequency peak; and
wherein the structured major surface provides an optical haze of less than 95%.
4. An optical film, comprising:
a structured major surface comprising closely-packed structures;
wherein the structured major surface has a topography characterizable by a first and second Fourier power spectrum associated with respective first and second orthogonal in-plane directions, and wherein
to the extent the first Fourier power spectrum includes one or more first frequency peak not corresponding to zero frequency and being bounded by two adjacent valleys that define a first baseline, any such first frequency peak has a first peak ratio of less than 0.8, the first peak ratio being equal to an area between the first frequency peak and the first baseline divided by an area beneath the first frequency peak; and
to the extent the second Fourier power spectrum includes one or more second frequency peak not corresponding to zero frequency and being bounded by two adjacent valleys that define a second baseline, any such second frequency peak has a second peak ratio of less than 0.8, the second peak ratio being equal to an area between the second frequency peak and the second baseline divided by an area beneath the second frequency peak; and
wherein the structured major surface provides an optical haze in a range from 10 to 60% and an optical clarity in a range from 10 to 40%.