Matching impedance of a dielectric waveguide to a launching mechanism

1. A waveguide, comprising:

a dielectric core comprising a first portion and a transition region;

the first portion of the dielectric core having a first impedance; and

the transition region of the dielectric core having a graduated impedance that changes from the first impedance adjacent the first portion to a second impedance by at least one of a permittivity or a permeability of the transition region varying along a length of the transition region.

2. The waveguide of claim 1 , further comprising a metallic cladding surrounding the dielectric core.

3. The waveguide of claim 2 , further comprising a substrate disposed below a side of the metallic cladding, wherein a surface of the substrate is irregular.

4. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the graduated impedance of the transition region of the dielectric core gradually changes in two or more discrete sectors, wherein each of the two or more discrete sectors each have different impedances.

5. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the graduated impedance of the transition region of the dielectric core gradually changes in a continuous manner.

6. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the transition region is located at an end of the waveguide.

7. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the transition region has a graduated dielectric constant value that gradually changes from a first dielectric constant value adjacent the first portion to a second dielectric constant value.

8. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric core is a graded dielectric core comprising two or more longitudinal regions each having a different dielectric constant value.

9. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric core has a dielectric constant value in a range of approximately 2.4-12.

10. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the permittivity of the transition region varies.

11. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the permeability of the transition region varies.

12. A method of forming a waveguide, the method comprising:

forming a conformal base layer for the waveguide on a surface of a substrate;

forming a first portion having a first dielectric of a dielectric core for the waveguide, on the conformal base layer;

forming a transition region of the dielectric core adjacent the first portion having a graduated impedance that changes from a first impedance adjacent the first portion to a second impedance by at least one of a permittivity or a permeability of the transition region varying along a length of the transition region; and

forming sidewalls and a conformal top layer surrounding the dielectric core and in contact with the conformal base layer.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein at least one of the conformal base layer, sidewalls and conformal top layer is metallic.

14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising removing the substrate after forming the waveguide.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the conformal base layer matches a footprint of the waveguide.

16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the conformal base layer extends beyond a footprint of the waveguide.

17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the surface of the substrate is irregular, and wherein the conformal base layer is formed to conform to the irregular surface of the substrate.

18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the permittivity of the transition region varies.

19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the permeability of the transition region varies.

20. The method of claim 12 , wherein forming the transition region of the dielectric core is performed using an ink jet printing process.