Organic electroluminescent materials and devices

1. A composition comprising a first compound;

wherein the first compound has the formula of M(L 1 ) x (L 2 ) y (L 3 ) z ;

wherein the first compound is capable of functioning as a phosphorescent emitter in an organic light emitting device at room temperature;

wherein L 1 , L 2 and L 3 can be the same or different;

wherein x is 1, 2, or 3;

wherein y is 0, 1, or 2;

wherein z is 0, 1, or 2;

wherein x+y+z is the oxidation state of metal M;

wherein L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:

wherein each X 1 to X 17 are independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen;

wherein X is selected from the group consisting of BR′, NR′, PR′, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CR′R″, SiR′R″, and GeR′R″;

wherein R′ and R″ are optionally fused or joined to form a ring;

wherein each R a , R b , R c , and R d may represent from mono substitution to the maximum possible number of substitution, or no substitution;

wherein R′, R″, R a , R b , R c , and R d are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof;

wherein any two or more substituents of R a , R b , R c , and R d are optionally fused or joined to form a ring or form a multidentate ligand; and

wherein at least one of the R a , R b , R c , and R d includes at least one substituent R

wherein each of the at least one substituent R has the formula of: - - -G 1 -G 2 ;

wherein the dashed line in the formula of substituent R denotes the bond through which R is attached in the first compound;

wherein G 1 is a non-aromatic cyclic or polycyclic group;

wherein G 2 is selected from aryl and heteroaryl; and

wherein G 1 and G 2 are independently, optionally further substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof;

with the proviso that when G 1 is unsubstituted cyclohexane and G 2 is unsubstituted phenyl, then R has a structure of

2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first compound has at least one aromatic ring;

wherein each of the at least one substituent R is directly bonded to one of the at least one aromatic ring.

3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first compound is capable of emitting light from a triplet excited state to a ground singlet state at room temperature.

4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first compound is a metal coordination complex having a metal-carbon bond.

5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of Ir, Rh, Re, Ru, Os, Pt, Au, and Cu.

6. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the metal is Ir or Pt.

7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first compound has the formula of Ir(L 1 ) 2 (L 2 ).

8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein L 1 has the formula selected from the group consisting of:

and

wherein L 2 has the formula:

9. The composition of claim 7 , wherein L 1 and L 2 are different and each independently selected from the group consisting of:

L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:

10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first compound has the formula of Pt(L 1 ) 2 or Pt(L 1 )(L 2 ).

11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein G 1 is selected from the group consisting of:

12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each of at least one R is selected from the group consisting of:

13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first compound is selected from the group consisting of:

14. An organic light-emitting device (OLED) comprising:

an anode;

a cathode; and

an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a first compound;

wherein the first compound has the formula of M(L 1 ) x (L 2 ) y (L 3 ) z ;

wherein the first compound is capable of functioning as a phosphorescent emitter in an organic light emitting device at room temperature;

wherein L 1 , L 2 and L 3 can be the same or different;

wherein x is 1, 2, or 3;

wherein y is 0, 1, or 2;

wherein z is 0, 1, or 2;

wherein x+y+z is the oxidation state of metal M;

wherein L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:

wherein each X 1 to X 17 are independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen;

wherein X is selected from the group consisting of BR′, NR′, PR′, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CR′R″, SiR′R″, and GeR′R″;

wherein R′ and R″ are optionally fused or joined to form a ring;

wherein each R a , R b , R c , and R d may represent from mono substitution to the maximum possible number of substitution, or no substitution;

wherein R′, R″, R a , R b , R c , and R d are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof;

wherein any two or more substituents of R a , R b , R c , and R d are optionally fused or joined to form a ring or form a multidentate ligand; and

wherein at least one of the R a , R b , R c , and R d includes at least one substituent R

wherein each of the at least one substituent R has the formula of: - - -G 1 -G 2 ;

wherein the dashed line in the formula of substituent R denotes the bond through which R is attached in the first compound;

wherein G 1 is a non-aromatic cyclic or polycyclic group;

wherein G 2 is selected from aryl and heteroaryl; and

wherein G 1 and G 2 are independently, optionally further substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof;

with the proviso that when G 1 is unsubstituted cyclohexane and G 2 is unsubstituted phenyl, then R has a structure of

15. The OLED of claim 14 , wherein the organic layer is an emissive layer and the compound is an emissive dopant or a non-emissive dopant.

16. The OLED of claim 14 , wherein the organic layer further comprises a host, wherein host comprises at least one chemical group selected from the group consisting of triphenylene, carbazole, indolocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, and aza variants thereof.

17. The OLED of claim 14 , wherein the organic layer further comprises a host, wherein the host is selected from the group consisting of:

and combinations thereof.

18. A consumer product comprising an organic light-emitting device, wherein the organic light-emitting device comprising:

an anode;

a cathode; and

an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a first compound;

wherein the first compound has the formula of M(L 1 ) x (L 2 ) y (L 3 ) z ;

wherein the first compound is capable of functioning as a phosphorescent emitter in an organic light emitting device at room temperature;

wherein L 1 , L 2 and L 3 can be the same or different;

wherein x is 1, 2, or 3;

wherein y is 0, 1, or 2;

wherein z is 0, 1, or 2;

wherein x+y+z is the oxidation state of metal M;

wherein L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:

wherein each X 1 to X 17 are independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen;

wherein X is selected from the group consisting of BR′, NR′, PR′, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CR′R″, SiR′R″, and GeR′R″;

wherein R′ and R″ are optionally fused or joined to form a ring;

wherein each R a , R b , R c , and R d may represent from mono substitution to the maximum possible number of substitution, or no substitution;

wherein R′, R″, R a , R b , R c , and R d are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof;

wherein any two or more substituents of R a , R b , R c , and R d are optionally fused or joined to form a ring or form a multidentate ligand; and

wherein at least one of the R a , R b , R c , and R d includes at least one substituent R

wherein each of the at least one substituent R has the formula of: - - -G 1 -G 2 ;

wherein the dashed line in the formula of substituent R denotes the bond through which R is attached in the first compound;

wherein G 1 is a non-aromatic cyclic or polycyclic group;

wherein G 2 is selected from aryl and heteroaryl; and

wherein G 1 and G 2 are independently, optionally further substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof;

with the proviso that when G 1 is unsubstituted cyclohexane and G 2 is unsubstituted phenyl, then R has a structure of

19. The consumer product of claim 18 , wherein the consumer product is selected from the group consisting of flat panel displays, computer monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, lights for interior or exterior illumination and/or signaling, heads-up displays, fully or partially transparent displays, flexible displays, laser printers, telephones, mobile phones, tablets, phablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wearable devices, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, micro-displays, 3-D displays, virtual reality or augmented reality displays, vehicles, video walls comprising multiple displays tiled together, theater or stadium screen, and a sign.