Vehicle air conditioning pack with air cycle assembly
An air conditioning pack includes an air cycle assembly, a vapor cycle system, and a mixing duct. The air cycle assembly is configured to receive bleed air and utilize the bleed air to compress ram air. The vapor cycle system is configured to receive the compressed ram air and to reduce an operating temperature of the compressed ram air. The mixing duct is configured to receive the compressed ram air and mix the compressed ram air with the bleed air to generate a hybrid air stream that is used for cooling at least a portion of a vehicle.
1. An air conditioning pack comprising:
an air cycle assembly including an air compressor mechanically coupled to a turbine, the turbine configured to receive bleed air and utilize the bleed air to compress ram air at the air compressor;
a vapor cycle system including an evaporator and a motor-driven refrigerant compressor, the motor-driven refrigerant compressor configured to pressurize a refrigerant within the vapor cycle system, the evaporator configured to receive the compressed ram air and allow heat transfer from the compressed ram air to the refrigerant to reduce an operating temperature of the compressed ram air;
a mixing duct configured to receive the compressed ram air and mix the compressed ram air with the bleed air to generate a hybrid air stream that is used for cooling at least a portion of a vehicle; and
one or more processors operatively connected to the motor-driven refrigerant compressor and configured to deactivate the motor-driven refrigerant compressor in response to an ambient temperature outside of the vehicle falling below a designated threshold temperature.
2. The air conditioning pack of claim 1 , further comprising a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger configured to reduce an operating temperature of the bleed air received from a bleed air source of the vehicle, the air cycle assembly configured to receive the bleed air from the heat exchanger.
3. The air conditioning pack of claim 1 , wherein the air compressor is mechanically coupled to the turbine via a shaft, and the bleed air is expanded through the turbine to power the air compressor to compress the ram air.
4. The air conditioning pack of claim 1 , further comprising a housing, wherein the air cycle assembly, the vapor cycle system, and the mixing duct are disposed within the housing.
5. The air conditioning pack of claim 1 , wherein the air cycle assembly is configured to receive the bleed air from an auxiliary power unit on the vehicle.
6. The air conditioning pack of claim 1 , wherein the air cycle assembly is configured to receive the bleed air from a main engine on the vehicle.
7. The air conditioning pack of claim 1 , wherein the mixing duct is upstream of the vapor cycle system such that the vapor cycle system receives the hybrid air stream.
8. The air conditioning pack of claim 1 , wherein the mixing duct is downstream of the air cycle assembly and the vapor cycle system.
9. The air conditioning pack of claim 1 , wherein, in response to the vehicle being in a cruise flight mode of operation, the one or more processors are configured to direct at least a portion of the bleed air to bypass the vapor cycle system and to mix with the compressed ram air downstream of the vapor cycle system and the air cycle assembly.
10. The air conditioning pack of claim 2 , wherein, in response to the vehicle being in a first ground configuration, the one or more processors are configured to direct the compressed ram air to mix with the bleed air in the mixing duct upstream of the heat exchanger such that the turbine of the air cycle assembly receives the hybrid air stream.
11. The air conditioning pack of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is an aircraft.
12. A vehicle comprising:
an air conditioning pack comprising:
an air cycle assembly including an air compressor mechanically coupled to a turbine, the turbine configured to receive bleed air and utilize the bleed air to compress ram air at the air compressor;
a vapor cycle system including an evaporator disposed along a refrigerant loop that contains a refrigerant, the evaporator configured to receive the refrigerant and the compressed ram air and allow heat transfer from the compressed ram air to the refrigerant to reduce an operating temperature of the compressed ram air; and
a mixing duct configured to receive the compressed ram air and mix the compressed ram air with the bleed air to generate a hybrid air stream that is used for cooling at least a portion of the vehicle; and
a one or more processors operatively connected to the air conditioning pack, the one or more processors configured to control respective flow paths for the bleed air and the ram air through the air conditioning pack based on one or more of a mode of operation of the vehicle or an ambient environmental condition outside of the vehicle,
wherein, in response to the vehicle being in a cruise flight mode of operation, the one or more processors are configured to direct at least a portion of the bleed air to bypass the vapor cycle system and to mix with the compressed ram air downstream of the vapor cycle system and the air cycle assembly.
13. The vehicle of claim 12 , wherein the air compressor is mechanically coupled to the turbine via a shaft, and the bleed air is expanded through the turbine to power the air compressor to compress the ram air.
14. The vehicle of claim 12 , wherein the air conditioning pack includes a housing, wherein the air cycle assembly, the vapor cycle system, and the mixing duct are disposed within the housing.
15. The vehicle of claim 12 , wherein, in response to the vehicle being in a ground mode of operation, the one or more processors are configured to direct the compressed ram air to mix with the bleed air in the mixing duct upstream of the vapor cycle system such that the vapor cycle system receives the hybrid air stream.
16. The vehicle of claim 12 , wherein the vapor cycle system includes a motor-driven refrigerant compressor to pressurize the refrigerant within the refrigerant loop.
17. The vehicle of claim 16 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to activate the motor-driven refrigerant compressor in response to an ambient temperature outside of the vehicle being at least a designated threshold temperature, and is configured to deactivate the motor-driven refrigerant compressor in response to the ambient temperature being below the designated threshold temperature.
18. A method for conditioning air for use in a vehicle comprising:
using bleed air received at a turbine from a bleed air source to generate compressed ram air at an air compressor;
reducing an operating temperature of the compressed ram air within an evaporator of a vapor cycle system;
directing at least a portion of the bleed air exiting the turbine to bypass the evaporator of the vapor cycle system;
mixing the at least the portion of the bleed air that bypasses the evaporator with the compressed ram air in a mixing duct downstream of the turbine and the evaporator to generate a hybrid air stream; and
utilizing the hybrid air stream to regulate a temperature of at least one compartment in the vehicle.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising reducing an operating temperature of the bleed air from the bleed air source prior to using the bleed air to generate the compressed ram air.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the vapor cycle system includes a motor-driven refrigerant compressor, the method further comprising deactivating the motor-driven refrigerant compressor in response to an ambient temperature outside of the vehicle being below a designated threshold temperature.