Methods of in vivo engineering of large sequences using multiple CRISPR/cas selections of recombineering events
The present invention provides a method for making a large nucleic acid having a defined sequence in vivo. The method combines recombineering techniques with a CRISPR/Cas system to permit multiple insertions of defined sequences into a target nucleic acid at one time, double stranded cleavage of target nucleic acids in which the defined sequences were not successfully inserted, and selection of successful recombinant cells. The method further includes repeating the process one or more times, using a successful recombinant from one round as the host cell for the next round.
1. A method for engineering into a bacterial host cell a nucleic acid having a desired sequence, said method comprising:
a) identifying or creating a double stranded DNA CRISPR/Cas cleavage sequence at a predetermined site on a target nucleic acid in a bacterial host cell;
b) obtaining a recombineering segment for the pre-determined site, where the recombineering segment comprises a sequence for insertion into the target nucleic acid and that, when the sequence is inserted into the target nucleic acid by homologous recombination, the insertion eliminates the cleavage sequence and wherein the sequence for insertion does not comprise a selection marker;
c) introducing into the bacterial host cell the recombineering segment;
d) if not already present in the bacterial host cell, introducing into the bacterial host cell a CRISPR/Cas system that is specific for the cleavage sequence, wherein the CRISPR/Cas system cleaves the cleavage sequence if no insertion of the sequence for insertion has occurred;
e) maintaining the bacterial host cell in a viable state until recombineering insertion of the sequence for insertion and the CRISPR/Cas cleavage of the cleavage sequence has occurred;
f) producing a recombinant cell which has integrated the sequence for insertion by plating and growing the cell of step e),
g) repeating steps a)-f) one or more times using the recombinant cell produced in step f) as the bacterial host cell for step a) of the following round;
wherein multiple, site-specific insertions of recombineering segments into the target nucleic acid creates a nucleic acid having a desired sequence.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein, after performance of steps a)-f) one time, each successive performance of steps a)-f) uses recombineering segments that include sequences for homologous recombination that recombine with sequences present in a recombineering segment used in a prior performance of steps a)-f).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein, after performance of steps a)-f) one time, at least one successive performance of steps a)-f) uses at least one recombineering segment that includes a sequence for homologous recombination that recombines with at least one sequence present in a recombineering segment used in a prior performance of steps a)-f).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a recombineering segment used in one round of performance of steps a)-f) comprise a cleavage sequence for a subsequent round of performance of steps a)-f).
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein, for each round of performance of steps a)-f), the cleavage sequence is different than the cleavage sequence used for the immediate prior round.
6. A recombinant cell made by the method of claim 5 .
7. A method for engineering into a bacterial host cell a nucleic acid having a desired sequence, said method comprising:
a) identifying or creating a double-stranded DNA CRISPR/Cas cleavage sequence at a predetermined site on a target nucleic acid in a bacterial host cell;
b) obtaining a recombineering segment for the pre-determined site, where the recombineering segment comprises a sequence for insertion into the target nucleic acid and that, when the sequence is inserted into the target nucleic acid by homologous recombination, the insertion eliminates the cleavage sequence; and wherein the sequence for insertion does not comprise a selection marker;
c) introducing into the bacterial host cell the recombineering segment;
d) if not already present in the bacterial host cell, introducing into the bacterial host cell a CRISPR/Cas system that is specific for the cleavage sequence, wherein the CRISPR/Cas system cleaves the cleavage sequence if no insertion of the sequence for insertion has occurred;
e) maintaining the bacterial host cell in a viable state until recombineering insertion of the sequence for insertion and the CRISPR/Cas cleavage of the cleavage sequence has occurred;
f) producing a recombinant cell which has integrated the sequence for insertion by plating and growing the cell of step e).
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the CRISPR/Cas system is inducible and it is activated in step e).
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein activating the CRISPR/Cas system that is specific for the cleavage sequence is accomplished by inducing an inducible promoter or de-repressing a repressible promoter.