Atom probe with vacuum differential
In an atom probe having a vacuum chamber containing a specimen mount and a detector for receiving ions emitted from the specimen, a high vacuum subchamber is provided about the specimen mount, with an aperture in the subchamber allowing passage of emitted ions to the detector. The high vacuum subchamber may be pumped to higher vacuum (lower pressure) than the vacuum chamber, and so long as the pressure in the vacuum chamber is below about 10 −1 Pa, very little gas diffusion takes place through the aperture, allowing higher vacuum to be maintained in the subchamber despite the aperture opening to the chamber. The higher vacuum in the subchamber about the specimen assists in reducing noise in atom probe image data. The aperture may conveniently be provided by the aperture in a counter electrode, such as a local electrode, as commonly used in atom probes.
1. An atom probe including:
a. a specimen mount configured to bear a specimen to be ionized;
b. a detector situated to receive ions from the specimen;
c. a vacuum chamber enclosing the detector;
d. a high vacuum subchamber wherein:
(1) the detector is situated outside the high vacuum subchamber,
(2) the specimen mount is within the high vacuum subchamber, and
(3) the high vacuum subchamber is configured to provide:
(a) vacuum below about 10 −8 Pa, and
(b) higher vacuum than any vacuum provided in the vacuum chamber.
2. The atom probe of claim 1 wherein the high vacuum subchamber is bounded by subchamber walls, the subchamber walls having an aperture defined therein, the aperture providing a passage between the high vacuum subchamber and the vacuum chamber.
3. The atom probe of claim 2 wherein the aperture is a counter electrode interposed between the specimen mount and the detector.
4. The atom probe of claim 2 wherein the subchamber walls within the high vacuum subchamber define at least 99% of the surface area of an envelope completely bounding the interior of the high vacuum subchamber.
5. The atom probe of claim 1 wherein the high vacuum subchamber is situated at least partially within the vacuum chamber.
6. The atom probe of claim 1 wherein the pressure in the high vacuum subchamber is at least 100 times lower than the pressure in the vacuum chamber.
7. The atom probe of claim 1 :
a. wherein the subchamber walls include a beam aperture defined therein, and
b. further including an energy beam source aligned to emit an energy beam through the beam aperture.
8. An atom probe including:
a. a vacuum chamber;
b. a high vacuum subchamber including a specimen mount therein, wherein the high vacuum subchamber:
(1) is bounded by subchamber walls, the subchamber walls having an aperture defined therein, the aperture providing a passage between the high vacuum subchamber and the vacuum chamber; and
(2) is configured to provide:
(a) vacuum below about 10 −8 Pa, and
(b) higher vacuum than any vacuum provided in the vacuum chamber.
9. The atom probe of claim 8 wherein the vacuum chamber includes a detector therein.
10. The atom probe of claim 9 wherein the aperture is a counter electrode situated along an axis between the specimen mount and the detector.
11. The atom probe of claim 8 wherein the subchamber walls define at least 99% of the surface area of an envelope completely bounding the interior of the high vacuum subchamber.
12. The atom probe of claim 8 :
a. wherein the subchamber walls include a window defined therein, and
b. further including an energy beam source aligned to emit an energy beam through the window.
13. An atom probe including:
a. a high vacuum subchamber:
(1) bounded by subchamber walls, the subchamber walls having a counter electrode defined therein,
(2) including a specimen mount therein, the specimen mount being configured to bear a specimen to be ionized; and
b. a vacuum chamber:
(1) situated outside the high vacuum subchamber, with the counter electrode defining a passage between the high vacuum subchamber and the vacuum chamber,
(2) including a detector therein, the detector being situated to receive ions through the counter electrode from the specimen,
wherein:
i. the high vacuum subchamber contains vacuum below about 10 −8 Pa, and
ii. the pressure in the high vacuum subchamber is lower than the pressure in the vacuum chamber.
14. The atom probe of claim 13 wherein the high vacuum subchamber is situated at least partially within the vacuum chamber.
15. The atom probe of claim 13 wherein the subchamber walls within the high vacuum subchamber define at least 99% of the surface area of an envelope completely bounding the interior of the high vacuum subchamber.
16. The atom probe of claim 13 :
a. wherein the subchamber walls include a window defined therein, and
b. further including an energy beam source aligned to emit an energy beam through the window.
17. The atom probe of claim 8 wherein the high vacuum subchamber is situated at least partially within the vacuum chamber.
18. The atom probe of claim 8 wherein the vacuum chamber is situated outside the high vacuum subchamber.
19. The atom probe of claim 1 wherein the vacuum chamber is situated outside the high vacuum subchamber.