Active material for nonaqueous electrolyte battery, electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte battery, nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, battery pack, method of manufacturing active material for nonaqueous electrolyte battery, and vehicle
An active material of an embodiment for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a complex. The complex includes a covering material including an M-O—C mixed body; and particles including at least one element of M. The particles are included in the covering material. The M includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of; Si, Sn, Al, and Ti. The particles including the at least one element of M include the at least one element of M or an alloy including the at least one element of M. The M-O—C mixed body includes at least three elements of M, O, and C. The M-O—C mixed body includes a point at which the following conditional expressions: 0.6≤M/O≤5 (molar ratio) and 0.002≤M/C≤0.1 (molar ratio) are simultaneously satisfied. The M-O—C mixed body includes the at least three elements of M, O, and C in a region excluding the particles including the at least one element of M when elementary composition analysis of the complex is performed by TEM-EDX with a beam diameter of 1 nm.
1. An active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, comprising a complex, the complex including:
a covering material including an Si—O—C mixed body; and
particles consisting of silicon and/or silicon oxide,
wherein the Si—O—C mixed body consists of three elements of Si, O, and C, the Si—O—C mixed body including a point at which the following conditional expressions are simultaneously satisfied:
0.6≤Si/O≤5 (molar ratio)
0.002≤Si/C≤0.1 (molar ratio)
the mixed body consists of the three elements of Si, O, and C in a region excluding the particles when elementary composition analysis of the complex is performed by TEM-EDX with a beam diameter of 1 nm.
2. The material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the Si—O—C mixed body is amorphous.
3. The material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the three elements of Si, 0 , and C of the Si—O—C mixed body are mixed in an atomic state.
4. The material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the covering material further includes a carbonaceous substance.
5. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the Si—O—C mixed body satisfies the following conditional expression:
0.8≤Si/O≤4.5 (molar ratio).
6. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the Si—O—C mixed body satisfies the following conditional expression:
0.004≤Si/C≤0.091 (molar ratio).
7. An electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, comprising:
a collector; and
a mixture layer including the active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 and a binder, on the collector.
8. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising:
an exterior material;
a positive electrode housed in the exterior material;
a negative electrode spatially apart from the positive electrode, the negative electrode being housed in the exterior material with a separator interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, the negative electrode including the electrode according to claim 1 ; and
a nonaqueous electrolyte filled in the exterior material.
9. A battery pack comprising the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 8 .
10. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 8 .
11. The material according to claim 1 , wherein a volume ratio of the particles to the covering material is larger than 0.33 and is smaller than 2.5.
12. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the covering material further includes lithium silicate.
13. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the particles consist of silicon.
14. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the particles consist of silicon oxide.
15. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the particles consist of silicon and silicon oxide.
16. The material according to claim 1 , wherein an average primary grain diameter of the active material is 1 μm or more to 80 μm or less.
17. The material according to claim 1 , wherein an average primary grain diameter of the active material is 10 μm or more to 60 μm or less.