Manganese oxide composition and method for preparing manganese oxide composition
The present application relates to a method comprising: (a) providing a battery comprising a manganese oxide composition as a primary active material; and (b) cycling the battery by: (i) galvanostatically discharging the battery to a first V cell ; (ii) galvanostatically charging the battery to a second V cell ; and (iii) potentiostatically charging at the second V cell for a first defined period of time. The present application also relates to a chemical composition produced by the method above. The present application also relates to a battery comprising a chemical composition having an X-ray diffractogram pattern expressing a Bragg peak at about 26°, said peak being of greatest intensity in comparison to other expressed Bragg peaks. The present application also relates to a battery comprising one or more chemical species, the one or more chemical species produced by cycling an activated composition.
1. A zinc-manganese battery comprising a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution in fluid communication with the cathode and the anode, the cathode comprising a manganese oxide composition having an X-ray diffractogram pattern expressing a Bragg peak at 26°±0.5° and 36°±0.5°, the Bragg peak at 26°±0.5° being of greatest intensity in comparison to other expressed Bragg peaks.
2. The battery according to claim 1 , the X-ray diffractogram pattern of the manganese oxide composition further expressing Bragg peaks at 18°±0.5° and 34°±0.5°.
3. The battery according to claim 2 , wherein the Bragg peak at 34°±0.5° is greater in intensity than the Bragg peak at 18°±0.5°.
4. The battery according to claim 2 , the X-ray diffractogram pattern of the manganese oxide composition further expressing a Bragg peak at 44°±0.5°.
5. The battery according to claim 1 , the X-ray diffractogram pattern of the manganese oxide composition further expressing a Bragg peak at 44°±0.5°.
6. The battery according to claim 5 , wherein the Bragg peak at 36°±0.5° is greater in intensity than the Bragg peak at 44°±0.5°.
7. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the manganese oxide composition is at least 50% Mn 3 O 4 .
8. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein reversible reflections at a Bragg peak range of between 8°±0.5° and 12°±0.5° are expressed in the battery.
9. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolytic solution is neutral.
10. A method comprising:
(a) providing the battery of claim 1 ; and
(b) cycling the battery by:
(i) galvanostatically discharging the battery to a first V cell ;
(ii) galvanostatically charging the battery to a second V cell ; and
(iii) potentiostatically charging at the second V cell for a first defined period of time.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the first V cell is between 1.0V and 1.2V.
12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the second V cell is between 1.8V and 2.0V.
13. The method according to claim 10 , further comprising potentiostatically charging the battery at a third V cell for a second defined period of time, said potentiostatic charging at the third V cell occurring after galvanostatically discharging the battery to the first V cell and before galvanostatically charging the battery to the second V cell .
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the third V cell is between 1.7V and 1.8V.
15. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the manganese oxide composition is at least 50% Mn 3 O 4 .