Using pH and SMO
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to the use of spectral sensors during a cardiac arrest event. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to the use of spectral sensors for measuring changes in pH and muscle oxygen saturation to estimate subject down time and evaluating the effectiveness of the clinical treatment administered during a cardiac arrest event. Given the narrow window of time in which emergency treatment must be administered, as well as the lack of information concerning the subject's condition, there is a need for a fast and accurate method of estimating the onset of the cardiac arrest emergency and evaluating the effectiveness of the emergency treatment being administered.
1. An external system for deriving an indication of subject down time for a patient having experienced a cardiac arrest event, the system comprising:
a spectral sensor, wherein the spectral sensor is configured for external placement on skin of a subject above muscle tissue of the subject;
a memory; and
a processor communicably coupled to the spectral sensor and the memory, the memory including instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
determine at least one of muscle oxygen saturation of the muscle tissue with the spectral sensor and pH of the muscle tissue with the spectral sensor,
estimate a duration of the subject down time since an onset of the cardiac arrest event, the duration of the subject down time determined based on at least one of the muscle oxygen saturation and the pH of the muscle tissue,
determine a phase of cardiac arrest based on the estimated duration of the subject down time, and
provide guidance for implementation of a treatment protocol based on the determined phase of cardiac arrest.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the phase is a circulatory phase.
3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a defibrillator wherein the memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to provide guidance for implementing a treatment protocol by instructing a user to activate the defibrillator.
4. The system of claim 3 , further comprising a CPR device, wherein the memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to provide guidance for implementing the treatment protocol by instructing the user to activate the CPR device.
5. The system of claim 4 , further comprising a display device, wherein the memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to display on the display device an indication of the phase and an instruction to conduct CPR prior to defibrillation.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the determined subject down time is approximately four to ten minutes.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the phase is an electric phase.
8. The system of claim 7 , further comprising a defibrillator, wherein the memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to provide guidance for implementing a treatment protocol by instructing a user to activate the defibrillator.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the determined subject down time is less than four minutes.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the phase is a metabolic phase.
11. The system of claim 10 , further comprising a temperature management device, wherein the memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to provide guidance for implementing the treatment protocol by instructing a user to activate the temperature management device.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the determined subject down time is greater than ten minutes.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the spectral sensor comprises two or more long-distance radiation sources, one or more short-distance radiation sources, and a spectral detector.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein at least two of the two or more long-distance radiation sources and at least one of the one or more short-distance radiation sources are located on the spectral sensor at different distances from the spectral detector.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to estimate the duration of the subject down time based on a predetermined quantitative correlation between at least one of:
subject down time and muscle oxygen saturation; and
subject down time and muscle tissue pH.
16. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a display device, the memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to visually indicate the estimated duration of the subject down time.
17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the spectral sensor comprises one or more long distance radiation sources and one or more short-distance radiation sources, and a spectral detector.