Organic light-emitting diode and white organic light-emitting diode
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and a white OLED are provided. The OLED sequentially includes an anode, an emission layer, an electron transport layer, and a cathode. The emission layer includes a triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) material and a donor material. The doubled triplet energy of the TTA material is greater than the singlet energy of the TTA material. The donor material is disposed between the anode and the TTA material and has a second singlet energy and a second triplet energy. A sensitizer is doped in the emission layer or formed between the TTA material and the donor material when a voltage is applied. The sensitizer has a third singlet energy and a third triplet energy. The third singlet energy and the third triplet energy are both smaller than the second singlet energy.
1. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED), comprising:
an anode;
a cathode;
an emission layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode and comprising:
a triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) material, the TTA material having a first singlet energy and a first triplet energy, a doubled first triplet energy being greater than the first singlet energy; and
a donor material, disposed between the anode and the TTA material and having a second singlet energy and a second triplet energy;
an electron transport layer, disposed between the cathode and the emission layer; and
a sensitizer, doped in the emission layer or formed between the TTA material and the donor material when a voltage is applied, wherein the sensitizer has a third singlet energy and a third triplet energy, the third singlet energy and the third triplet energy are both smaller than the second singlet energy, the third singlet energy emits a first color light, and the third triplet energy is transferred to the TTA material for sensitizing a triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion, such that the first singlet energy emits a second color light.
2. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the third singlet energy and the third triplet energy are both between the first singlet energy and the first triplet energy.
3. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the sensitizer is an exciplex, and the exciplex is formed between the TTA material and the donor material when a voltage is applied.
4. The OLED according to claim 3 , wherein the donor material comprises 4,4′,4″-tris(3-3-methylphenylphenyl amino)triphenylamine, N1,N1′-(biphenyl-4,4′-diyl) bis(N1-phenyl-N4,N4-di-m-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine), 4,4′,4″-tris(N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-N-phenyl-amino)triphenylamine, or 4,4′,4″-tris(2-naphthyl (phenyl)amino)triphenylamine.
5. The OLED according to claim 3 , wherein the second color light comprises a red light, a yellow light, a yellow green light, or a blue light.
6. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the emission layer further comprises a dopant, the dopant has a fifth singlet energy and a fifth triplet energy, and the fifth singlet energy and the fifth triplet energy are both smaller than the first singlet energy.
7. The OLED according to claim 6 , wherein the dopant comprises a blue fluorescent dopant or a red fluorescent dopant.
8. The OLED according to claim 7 , wherein the blue fluorescent dopant comprises 4,4′-bis(4-diphenylaminostyryl)biphenyl or 1,4,7,10-Tetra(tert-butyl)perylene.
9. The OLED according to claim 7 , wherein the red fluorescent dopant comprises pentacene or 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidin-4-yl-vinyl)-4H-pyran.
10. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the TTA material comprises rubrene.
11. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the TTA material comprises anthracene derivative, pyrene derivative, or perylene derivative.
12. The OLED according to claim 11 , wherein the anthracene derivative comprises 9,10-Di(2-naphthyl)anthracene, 2-ethyl-9,10-Di(2-naphthyl)anthracene, 2-tert-butyl-9,10-Di(2-naphthyl)anthracene, or 9,9′-dianthracene.
13. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein an electron mobility of the electron transport layer is greater than 10 −6 cm/Vs.
14. A white organic light-emitting diode, comprising:
an anode;
a cathode;
an emission layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode and comprising:
a triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) material, the TTA material having a first singlet energy and a first triplet energy, a doubled first triplet energy being greater than the first singlet energy; and
a donor material, disposed between the anode and the TTA material and having a second singlet energy and a second triplet energy;
an electron transport layer, disposed between the cathode and the emission layer; and
a sensitizer, doped in the emission layer or formed between the TTA material and the donor material when a voltage is applied, wherein the sensitizer has a third singlet energy and a third triplet energy, and the third singlet energy and the third triplet energy are both smaller than the second singlet energy,
wherein the third singlet energy emits a yellow light or a yellow green light, the third triplet energy is transferred to the TTA material for sensitizing a triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion, such that the first singlet energy emits a blue light, and a white light is generated by mixing the yellow light with the blue light or mixing the yellow green light with the blue light.
15. The white organic light-emitting diode according to claim 14 , wherein the third singlet energy and the third triplet energy are both between the first singlet energy and the first triplet energy.
16. The white organic light-emitting diode according to claim 14 , wherein the sensitizer is an exciplex, and the exciplex is formed between the TTA material and the donor material when a voltage is applied.
17. The white organic light-emitting diode according to claim 14 , wherein the emission layer further comprises a dopant, the dopant has a fifth singlet energy and a fifth triplet energy, and the fifth singlet energy and the fifth triplet energy are both smaller than the first singlet energy.
18. The white organic light-emitting diode according to claim 17 , wherein the dopant comprises a blue fluorescent dopant or a red fluorescent dopant.
19. The white organic light-emitting diode according to claim 18 , wherein the blue fluorescent dopant comprises 4,4′-bis(4-diphenylaminostyryl)biphenyl or 1,4,7,10-Tetra(tert-butyl)perylene.
20. The white organic light-emitting diode according to claim 18 , wherein the red fluorescent dopant comprises pentacene or 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidin-4-yl-vinyl)-4H-pyran.
21. The white organic light-emitting diode according to claim 14 , wherein the TTA material comprises anthracene derivative, pyrene derivative, or perylene derivative.
22. The white organic light-emitting diode according to claim 21 , wherein the anthracene derivative comprises 9,10-Di(2-naphthyl)anthracene, 2-methyl-9,10-Di(2-naphthyl)anthracene, 2-tert-butyl-9,10-Di(2-naphthyl)anthracene, or 9,9′-dianthracene.
23. The white organic light-emitting diode according to claim 14 , wherein the donor material comprises 4,4′,4″-tris(3-3-methylphenylphenyl amino)triphenylamine, N1,N1′-(biphenyl-4,4′-diyl) bis(N1-phenyl-N4,N4-di-m-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine), 4,4′,4″-tris(N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-N-phenyl-amino)triphenylamine, or 4,4′,4″-tris(2-naphthyl (phenyl)amino)triphenylamine.