Satellite system and method for addressing rain fade

1. A method for operating a first communications satellite in a communications system, wherein the first communications satellite transmits information to plural user terminals situated on Earth via plural spot beams, each spot beam covering a different one of plural regions on the Earth, the method comprising:

generating or obtaining rain-fade information, wherein the generating or obtaining rain-fade information comprises: receiving, at the communications system, SNR data from multiple user terminals at multiple locations in the plural regions, and determining a track for a rain cell based on the SNR data; generating a beam frequency-assignment schedule based on the rain-fade information,

wherein when rain fade at a first region of the plural regions exceeds or is expected to exceed a threshold at a first time, transmissions from the first communications satellite to the first region at the first time are scheduled to switch from a first radio frequency band having a relatively higher frequency to a second radio frequency band having a relatively lower frequency; uploading the beam frequency-assignment schedule to the first communications satellite; and operating the satellite in accordance with the beam frequency-assignment schedule.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein some of the spot beams transmit in the first radio frequency band, which is fixed for said some spot beams, and some other of the spot beams transmit in the second radio frequency band, which is fixed for said other spot beams, and when rain fade at the first region exceeds or is expected to exceed the threshold at the first time, generating a beam frequency-assignment schedule further comprises:

scheduling a spot beam that transmits in the second radio frequency band to transmit to the first region at the first time.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the spot beams are switchable between the first radio frequency band and the second radio frequency band, and when rain fade at the first region exceeds or is expected to exceed the threshold at the first time, generating a beam frequency-assignment schedule further comprises:

scheduling, for transmitting to the first region at the first time, one of the spot beams that are switchable, wherein, at the first time, the scheduled spot beam switches from the first radio frequency band and the second radio frequency band.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating or obtaining rain fade information further comprises using a network of sensors and a fluid dynamic model to predict the likelihood of rain fall for the plural regions.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating or obtaining rain fade information further comprises:

measuring a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a user terminal that receives the transmissions for the first communications satellite; comparing

the measured SNR to an expected SNR for the user terminal;

and transmitting a result of the comparison to the communications system.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the spot beams can simultaneously transmit in both the first radio frequency band and the second radio frequency band, and wherein generating a beam frequency-assignment schedule further comprises:

scheduling, for transmitting to the first region at the first time, one of the spot beams to switch to the second radio frequency band from the first radio frequency band when the results of the comparison indicates that rain fain exceeds a threshold.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating or obtaining rain fade information further comprises projecting the track into the future based on a current speed and direction of the rain cell.