Method for determining a point spread function of an imaging system

1. A method for determining a point spread function of an imaging system, the point spread function describing a response of the imaging system to a point source, the method comprising:

for each position in a plurality of positions of a target in an optical field of said imaging system:

acquiring an image of the target, referred to as the real image;

obtaining a synthetic image of the target representing a digital model of the target adjusted to a zone of the real image corresponding to the target so that said model coincides with said zone;

estimating the point spread function using the real image and the synthetic image; and

calculating an optical transfer function by applying a Fourier transform to the point spread function;

calculating an average optical transfer function from the optical transfer functions calculated for each position in the plurality of positions; and

obtaining an average point spread function by applying an inverse Fourier transform to the average optical transfer function.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each position in the plurality of positions is situated in a working zone of the imaging system in which objects having to be imaged by the imaging system must be situated in order to be able to be imaged by the imaging system.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the estimation of the point spread function comprises:

calculating a contour image from the real image, referred to as the real contour image, and a contour image from the synthetic image, referred to as the synthetic contour image, a contour image being obtained from an original image and representing solely contours of objects contained in the original image;

determining the point spread function minimising a cost function comprising a first term corresponding to a difference between the real contour image and a convolution product between the point spread function to be estimated and the synthetic contour image.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the target comprises objects comprising edges having high spatial gradients in a plurality of different directions.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a geometric transformation for transforming the digital model of the target so that it coincides with said real image zone corresponding to the target is obtained for each position in the plurality of positions.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises a segmentation of the zone of the real image corresponding to the target, the real image used during the adjustment of the geometric model of the target and during the estimation of the point spread function comprising solely the zone comprising the target, each zone of the real image not corresponding to the target having been eliminated.

7. The method for improving an image acquired using an imaging system, wherein the method further comprises:

obtaining a point spread function of the imaging system by applying the method according to claim 1 ; then

applying a reverse convolution between the point spread function thus obtained and each image acquired using the imaging system.

8. A non-transitory information storage medium, that stores a computer program comprising program code instructions which can be loaded in a programmable device to cause said programmable device to implement the method according to claim 1 , when the program code instructions are run by the programmable device.

9. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the cost function to be minimised is written as follows:

ƒ( h )=∥ h* Δ0−Δ I∥ 2 2 +γ∥h∥ 2 2 +β∥h∥ 1

where ƒ(h) is the cost function to be minimised, h is a matrix representing the point spread function sought, ∥.∥ 2 2 represents a squared norm L 2 , ∥.∥ 1 represents a norm L 1 , * is a convolution operator, γ∥h∥ 2 2 is a first regularisation term used for accelerating the convergence of the minimisation, β∥h∥ 1 is a second regularisation term used for obtaining a point spread function derivable over an entire image acquired by the imaging system, and γ and β are predetermined constants.

10. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the geometric transformation is calculated using predefined particular points on the target.

11. A device for determining a point spread function of an imaging system, the point spread function describing a response of the imaging system to a point source, wherein the device comprises:

electronic circuitry adapted for:

for each position of a plurality of positions of a target in an optical field of said imaging system acquiring an image of the target, referred to as the real image;

obtaining a synthetic image of the target representing a digital model of the target adjusted to a zone of the real image corresponding to the target so that said model coincides with said zone;

estimating the point spread function using the real image and the synthetic image; and

calculating an optical transfer function by applying a Fourier transform to the point spread function;

calculating an average optical transfer function from the optical transfer functions calculated for each position in the plurality of positions; and

adapted for obtaining an average point spread function by applying an inverse Fourier transform to the average optical transfer function.