Electric vehicle drive system
A drive system for powering the wheels of an electric vehicle is disclosed. The drive system includes an electric motor having a stator and a rotor, and one or more planetary gear sets operably connected to the electric motor and the wheels. The drive system includes one or more configurations that reduce packaging space, reduce the weight of the drive system, and/or provide cooling functions.
1. A drive system for powering an axle connected to one or more wheels of an electric vehicle, the drive system comprising:
an electric motor comprising a wound stator disposed circumferentially around a rotor; and
a two stage planetary gear system comprising a first planetary gear set operably connected to the motor and to a second planetary gear set, the first planetary gear set being located at least partially underneath the wound stator;
the first planetary gear set having an output first ring gear, the second planetary gear set having an input second sun gear, and the output first ring gear being operably connected to the input second sun gear;
wherein the two stage planetary gear system circumferentially encompasses the axle.
2. The drive system of claim 1 , wherein:
the wound stator defines a three dimensional interior space; and
the first planetary gear set is located at least partially within the interior space of the wound stator.
3. The drive system of claim 1 , wherein the first planetary gear set extends outboard of the wound stator.
4. The drive system of claim 1 , wherein the second planetary gear set is located radially outboard of the first planetary gear set.
5. The drive system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first planetary gear set comprises an input first sun gear, a fixed carrier, a set of first planet gears and the output first ring gear, the input sun gear being operably connected to the rotor, the first planet gears being mounted within and supported by the fixed carrier, the first planet gears meshing with both the input sun gear and the output first ring gear, the output ring gear being operably connected to the second planetary gear set; and
the second planetary gear set comprises the input second sun gear, a fixed second ring gear, second planet gears and an output second planet carrier, the input second sun gear receiving power from the output first ring gear, the second planet gears meshing with the second sun gear and with the second ring gear, the second planet carrier providing output to the wheels.
6. A drive system for powering an axle connected to one or more wheels of an electric vehicle, comprising:
an electric motor including a stator disposed circumferentially around a rotor, the stator including stacked stator laminations extending from a first end to a second end of the stator, the stator further including windings extending from each of the first and second ends;
a gearbox including at least one planetary gear set operably connected to the electric motor and the wheels, the electric motor being configured to provide output power to the at least one planetary gear set, the at least one planetary gear set being configured to provide output power to the wheels; and
an outer housing surrounding the electric motor and the gearbox, the outer housing having a main body consisting of a single, integrated unit;
wherein the at least one planetary gear set circumferentially encompasses the axle.
7. The drive system of claim 6 , wherein:
the drive system further comprises a support wall disposed in the outer housing between the electric motor and the gearbox; and
the support wall is fastened to the stator of the electric motor with one or more bolts.
8. The drive system of claim 7 , wherein:
the single outer housing includes a first portion surrounding the electric motor and a second portion surrounding the gearbox; and
the first portion and the second portion are formed integrally with each other.
9. The drive system of claim 8 , further comprising power electronic components in electrical communication with the electric motor, the power electronic components being mounted on the first portion of the outer housing.
10. The drive system of claim 6 , further comprising a cylindrical housing surrounding the stator, the stator being assembled with the cylindrical housing by shrink-fitting.
11. The drive system of claim 10 , wherein the cylindrical housing includes cooling channels along an outer diameter of the cylindrical housing.
12. The drive system of claim 11 , wherein the cooling channels contain cooling oil that circulates through the cooling channels to cool the stacked stator laminations.
13. The drive system of claim 12 , wherein:
the cylindrical housing further includes spray nozzles in fluid communication with the cooling channels; and
the spray nozzles are configured to deliver the cooling oil from the cooling channels to the windings.
14. The drive system of claim 13 , wherein the cooling channels are in fluid communication with a gear set feed passage configured to deliver the cooling oil from the cooling channels to the at least one planetary gear set.
15. The drive system of claim 14 , wherein:
the cooling channels are formed by a spiral groove formed along the outer diameter of the cylindrical housing; and
the spiral groove extends at least along a length of the cylindrical housing.
16. The drive system of claim 6 , wherein the at least one planetary gear set is a stepped planetary gear set including a sun gear and stepped planet gears.
17. The drive system of claim 16 , wherein:
the rotor is mounted on a hollow rotor shaft having an inner diameter forming a splined connection with a hollow input gear shaft; and
the sun gear is formed integrally with the hollow input gear shaft.
18. A drive system for powering an axle connected to one or more wheels of an electric vehicle, comprising:
an electric motor including a stator and a rotor mounted on a hollow rotor shaft;
a stepped planetary gear set operably connected to the electric motor and the wheels, the stepped planetary gear set including a sun gear and stepped planet gears;
a hollow input gear shaft inserted in the hollow rotor shaft and interconnecting the hollow rotor shaft and the stepped planetary gear set, the hollow input gear shaft having an outer diameter forming a splined connection with an inner diameter of the hollow rotor shaft, the hollow input gear shaft having the sun gear formed integrally therewith;
wherein the stepped planetary gear set circumferentially encompasses the axle.
19. The drive system of claim 18 , wherein the splined connection between the rotor shaft and the hollow input gear shaft is located underneath the electric motor.
20. The drive system of claim 19 , wherein the electric motor is configured to transmit output power to the stepped planetary gear set through the hollow rotor shaft and the hollow input gear shaft.