Methods of forming a porous ceramic shaped article and porous ceramic products
A method for making a porous, chemically bonded ceramic shaped article comprises i) providing a precursor powder mixture comprising polymer particles and a ceramic self-setting cementitious powder; ii) preparing a shaped article from a paste comprising the precursor powder mixture and an aqueous liquid; and iii) immersing the shaped article in an immersing liquid in which the polymer particles are soluble, for a period of time of from about 10 minutes to about two weeks to dissolve the polymer particles in the immersing liquid, thereby creating pores in the shaped article. A porous, chemically bonded ceramic shaped article having interconnected pores, a total porosity of at least about 50%, and a macroporosity of at least about 30% can be formed by such methods.
1. A method for making a chemically bonded ceramic shaped article having interconnected macropores, comprising:
i) providing a precursor powder mixture comprising macropore-forming particles consisting of water-soluble polyethylene glycol, and a ceramic self-setting cementitious powder, wherein (i) the polyethylene glycol has a weight average molecular weight, Mw, in a range of from about 5000 g/mol to about 30,000 g/mol and the macropore-forming particles have an average particle size of from about 100 μm to about 800 μm, and (ii) the ceramic self-setting cementitious powder comprises at least one calcium phosphate powder;
ii) preparing a shaped article comprising monetite, brushite, or hydroxyapatite from a paste comprising the precursor powder mixture and an aqueous liquid;
iii) immersing the shaped article in an immersing liquid in which the macropore-forming particles are soluble, for a period of time of from about 10 minutes to about two weeks to dissolve the macropore-forming particles in the immersing liquid, thereby creating interconnected macropores in the shaped article, wherein the macropore-forming particles are sufficiently insoluble in the paste that subsequent dissolution of the macropore-forming particles in the immersing liquid creates the interconnected macropores in the shaped article.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the macropore-forming particles have an average particle size of from about 100 μm to about 600 μm.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor powder mixture comprises from about 10 to about 60 wt % of the macropore-forming particles.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the shaped article comprises granules.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a shaped article comprising Brushite is formed.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a shaped article comprising Monetite is formed.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the immersing liquid comprises water.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least about 80 wt % of the macropore-forming particles are dissolved in the immersing liquid within 24 hours.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor powder mixture comprises from about 20 to about 50 wt % of the macropore-forming particles.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor powder mixture comprises from about 20 to about 40 wt % of the macropore-forming particles.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the macropore-forming particles have an average particle size of from about 300 μm to about 600 μm.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the macropore-forming particles have an average particle size of from about 100 μm to about 200 μm.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the macropore-forming particles have an average particle size of from about 200 μm to about 300 μm.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least about 90 wt % of the macropore-forming particles are dissolved in the immersing liquid within 24 hours.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein all of the macropore-forming particles are dissolved in the immersing liquid within 24 hours.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the resulting porous, chemically bonded ceramic shaped article has a total porosity of at least about 50%, based on the volume of the shaped article, and a macroporosity of at least about 30%, based on the volume of the shaped article.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a pharmaceutically active agent for in vivo delivery is loaded into pores of the resulting macroporous ceramic shaped article.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein cells for in vivo delivery are loaded into pores of the resulting macroporous ceramic shaped article.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a shaped article comprising hydroxyapatite is formed.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic self-setting cementious powder comprises a mixture of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and β-tricalcium phosphate.
21. A method for making a chemically bonded ceramic shaped article having interconnected macropores, comprising:
i) providing a precursor powder mixture comprising macropore-forming particles consisting essentially of water-soluble polyethylene glycol, and a ceramic self-setting cementitious powder, wherein the polyethylene glycol has a weight average molecular weight, Mw, in a range of from about 5000 g/mol to about 30,000 g/mol and the macropore-forming particles have an average particle size of from about 100 μm to about 800 μm, and wherein the ceramic self-setting cementitious powder comprises a mixture of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and β-tricalcium phosphate;
ii) preparing a shaped article comprising monetite from a paste comprising the precursor powder mixture and an aqueous liquid;
iii) immersing the shaped article in an immersing liquid in which the macropore-forming particles are soluble to dissolve at least 80 wt % of the macropore-forming particles in the immersing liquid within 24 hours, wherein the macropore-forming particles are sufficiently insoluble in the paste that subsequent dissolution of the macropore-forming particles in the immersing liquid creates interconnected macropores in the shaped article, wherein the shaped article comprises interconnected macropores.
22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein said macropore-forming particles consist of water-soluble polyethylene glycol.
23. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the precursor powder mixture comprises from about 20 to about 50 wt % of the macropore-forming particles.
24. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the resulting porous, chemically bonded ceramic shaped article has a total porosity of at least about 50%, based on the volume of the shaped article, and a macroporosity of at least about 30%, based on the volume of the shaped article.
25. The method according to claim 21 , wherein cells for in vivo delivery are loaded into pores of the resulting macroporous ceramic shaped article.