Vehicle interior panel with laser-formed tear seam
An upholstery layer of a vehicle interior panel includes an airbag tear seam formed as a plurality of blind cuts arranged along a tear seam pattern. Each one of the blind cuts is formed by laser material removal at a plurality of locations along the pattern. Laser energy is delivered to the upholstery layer in a series of ultra-short pulses to form the blind cuts, which are formed in the upholstery layer while separate from a substrate of the panel. This technique is particularly useful with leather upholstery materials, in which non-visible airbag tear seams have been proven difficult to form.
1. A method of forming an airbag tear seam in a vehicle interior panel comprising an upholstery layer disposed over a semi-rigid substrate, the method comprising the step of:
forming a plurality of blind cuts spaced apart along a tear seam pattern in a side of the upholstery layer opposite a decorative side before the upholstery layer is disposed over the substrate, wherein at least a portion of each one of the blind cuts is formed by removing material from the upholstery layer at a plurality of overlapping locations using a laser beam, wherein the step of forming the plurality of blind cuts includes the steps of:
forming a groove portion of each of the blind cuts in a first plurality of sequential cutting passes along the tear seam pattern during which material is removed from the upholstery layer at a plurality of overlapping locations; and, subsequently,
forming a finger portion of each of the blind cuts in a second plurality of sequential cutting passes along the tear seam pattern during which material is removed from the upholstery layer at a plurality of locations within each groove portion, each finger portion comprising a plurality of discrete fingers extending from the groove portion toward the decorative side of the upholstery layer,
wherein one finger of each finger portion is defined at a first end of the corresponding blind cut, another finger of each finger portion is defined at an opposite second end of the corresponding blind cut, and the remaining fingers of each finger portion are equally spaced between the fingers at the first and second ends of the corresponding blind cut, and
wherein each blind cut has a scalloped configuration comprising an interfinger portion of upholstery material remaining between each pair of adjacent fingers.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material removed at each of the overlapping locations is removed by a discrete laser pulse.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming the groove portion includes removing material from the upholstery layer at each one of the plurality of overlapping locations more than one time, each time by a discrete laser pulse.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a portion of each groove portion is formed before any of the groove portions are complete.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
removing a first portion of material at each of the overlapping locations of each of the blind cuts in a first cutting pass with each first portion of material being removed by a discrete laser pulse; and, subsequently,
removing a second portion of material at each of the overlapping locations of each of the blind cuts in a second cutting pass with each second portion of material being removed by a discrete laser pulse.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a portion of each of the plurality of blind cuts is formed in each of the sequential cutting passes, and
wherein discrete laser pulses remove material from the upholstery layer at a plurality of spaced apart locations during at least one of the sequential cutting passes.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the plurality of locations within each groove portion is a plurality of spaced apart locations.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the upholstery layer comprises a layer of leather that provides the decorative side of the upholstery layer, each of the blind cuts extending partly through the layer of leather.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the upholstery layer is the layer of leather so that all of the material removed from the upholstery layer by the laser beam is from the layer of leather.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein each step of forming comprises removing material from the upholstery layer using a plurality of discrete laser pulses each having a duration of less than one picosecond.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein each step of forming is performed using a laser scanner configured to direct the laser beam from a static source location to a plurality of different locations along the tear seam pattern to remove material from the upholstery layer at the plurality of different locations while the upholstery layer is also static.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam is configured to form each finger with a conical or elliptical profile.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein each finger has a width, and a sum of the widths of the fingers of each finger portion is equal to a distance between the first and second ends of the corresponding blind cut.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein each finger has a width, and a sum of the widths of the fingers of each finger portion is less than a distance between the first and second ends of the corresponding blind cut.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the finger portion of each blind cut occupies a larger portion of a thickness of the upholstery layer than does the corresponding groove portion.