Cell-friendly inverse opal hydrogels for cell encapsulation, drug and protein delivery, and functional nanoparticle encapsulation
The invention provides polymer scaffolds for cell-based tissue engineering.
1. An inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device comprising a polymer matrix, a plurality of cells encapsulated in the polymer matrix, and a sacrificial porogen,
wherein said sacrificial porogen is a porogen polymer selected from the group consisting of an ionically-crosslinked polymer, a thermosensitive polymer, a thermoresponsive polymer, a pH-sensitive polymer, and a photocleavable polymer, and
wherein said sacrificial porogen is removable from said scaffold device by contact with a chelating agent, a change in temperature or pH, or exposure to light to form open, interconnected pores; and
wherein said polymer matrix occupies an interstitial space between said sacrificial porogen.
2. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of cells encapsulated in said polymer matrix comprises an isolated eukaryotic cell.
3. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 2 , wherein said polymer matrix is crosslinked.
4. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 2 , wherein said isolated eukaryotic cell is a mesenchymal stem cell.
5. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix comprises a synthetic polymer.
6. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix comprises covalent crosslinking.
7. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix is selected from the group consisting of a poly(lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA), poly(acrylic acid), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and poly (vinyl alcohol).
8. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 1 , wherein said sacrificial porogen is selected from the group consisting of alginate, collagen, and agarose.
9. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 1 , wherein said ionically crosslinked polymer is alginate.
10. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 1 , wherein said ionically crosslinked polymer is removable by adding a metal-chelating agent selected from the group consisting of citric acid, ethylenediamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)glycine (NTA).
11. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 1 , wherein said thermoresponsive polymer is poly(N-isopropylacrylamide).
12. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 1 , wherein said hydrogel is modified with a cell-adhering peptide, wherein said cell-adhering peptide is Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD).
13. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix is crosslinked and wherein the scaffold device further comprises an agent encapsulated in said crosslinked polymer matrix.
14. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 13 , wherein said agent is selected from the group consisting of a drug, a nanoparticle, a growth factor, and a protein.
15. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 14 , wherein said nanoparticle is a magnetic nanoparticle or a gold nanoparticle.
16. An inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device comprising a polymer matrix, a plurality of cells encapsulated in the polymer matrix, and a sacrificial porogen,
wherein said sacrificial porogen is a porogen polymer selected from the group consisting of an ionically-crosslinked polymer, a thermosensitive polymer, a thermoresponsive polymer, a pH-sensitive polymer, and a photocleavable polymer,
wherein the hydrogel has open, interconnected pores after removal of the sacrificial porogen by contact with a chelating agent, a change in temperature or pH, or exposure to light,
wherein said polymer matrix comprises covalent crosslinking, and
wherein said polymer matrix further comprises an isolated eukaryotic cell encapsulated in said crosslinked polymer matrix which occupies an interstitial space between said sacrificial porogen.
17. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 16 , wherein said polymer matrix comprises a synthetic polymer.
18. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 16 , wherein said polymer matrix is selected from the group consisting of a poly(lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA), poly(acrylic acid), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and poly (vinyl alcohol).
19. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 16 , wherein said sacrificial porogen is selected from the group consisting of alginate, collagen, and agarose.
20. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 16 , wherein said ionically crosslinked polymer is alginate.
21. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 16 , wherein said thermosensitive polymer is selected from the group consisting of agarose, gelatin, and collagen.
22. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 16 , wherein said thermoresponsive polymer is poly(N-isopropylacrylamide).
23. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 16 , wherein said isolated eukaryotic cell is a mesenchymal stem cell.
24. The inverse opal hydrogel scaffold device of claim 16 , wherein the scaffold device further comprises an agent encapsulated in said polymer matrix and wherein said agent is selected from the group consisting of a drug, a growth factor, and a protein.