Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to components having an optical element that imparts structural color to the component or article. The present disclosure is also directed to articles of manufacture including the component having an optical element, and methods for making components and articles having an optical element that imparts structural color.
1. An article of footwear comprising:
a sole combined with an upper for the article of footwear, wherein the upper includes a textile having a first surface, the first surface of the textile is defined by a first polymeric material, and the first surface of the textile forms an externally-facing side of the upper; and
an optical element having a first side and a second side opposing the first side, wherein the first side of the optical element is operably disposed on the first polymeric material of the first surface of the textile, and the optical element produces a structural color having at least one hue on a portion of the externally-facing side of the upper defined by the textile;
wherein the optical element is a multi-layer reflector or a multi-layer filter comprising at least two adjacent layers having different refractive indices and at least one of the layers of the multi-layer reflector has a thickness that is about one-fourth of the wavelength of the visible light to be reflected by the optical element to produce the structural color.
2. The article of footwear of claim 1 , wherein the first surface of the textile includes a first yarn comprising a first yarn polymeric material, wherein the first yarn forms at least a portion of the first surface of the textile, the optical element is operably disposed on a surface of the first yarn defined by the first yarn polymeric material, and the optical element imparts the structural color to the first yarn.
3. The article of footwear of claim 2 , wherein the textile is a woven or knit textile, and the woven or knit textile further comprises a second yarn comprising a second yarn polymeric material, wherein the second yarn forms at least a portion of the first surface of the textile, and the optical element is operably disposed on a surface of the second yarn defined by the second polymeric material, and the optical element imparts the structural color to the second yarn.
4. The article of footwear of claim 3 , wherein the first surface of the textile includes a region of the first yarn polymeric material in which the first yarn has a non-filamentous conformation formed by softening or melting the first yarn polymeric material, and the optical element is operably disposed on the region having the non-filamentous conformation.
5. The article of footwear of claim 3 , wherein the first yarn material comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane homopolymer or copolymer, and the second yarn material comprises a thermoplastic polyester homopolymer or copolymer.
6. The article of footwear of claim 1 , wherein the textile is a skinned textile, and an externally-facing side of the skinned textile includes a polymeric film forming at least a portion of the first surface of the textile, and wherein the optical element is operably disposed on a surface of the polymeric film defined by the first polymeric material.
7. The article of footwear of claim 6 , wherein the textile is a synthetic leather textile or a regenerated leather textile.
8. The article of footwear of claim 7 , wherein the synthetic leather textile or the regenerated leather textile includes a textured surface simulating a texture of a natural leather.
9. The article of footwear of claim 1 , wherein the optical element further comprises a textured surface that includes a plurality of profile features and a plurality of flat areas, at least a portion of the plurality of profile features extend above the flat areas, and dimensions of the profile features, a shape of the profile features, and a spacing among the plurality of the profile features, in combination with the optical element, impart the structural color to the textile.
10. The article of footwear of claim 1 , wherein the textile further comprises a primer layer on the first surface of the textile or on the first side of the optical element or both.
11. The article of footwear of claim 1 , wherein the structural color imparted to the textile is iridescent.
12. The article of footwear of claim 11 , wherein the structural color imparted to the textile is limited to one, two or three hues selected from a hue group, wherein the hue group is one of a) green-yellow, yellow, and yellow-orange; b) yellow-orange, orange, and orange-red; c) orange-red, red, and red-purple; d) red-purple, purple, and purple-blue; e) purple-blue, blue, and blue-green; and f) blue-green, green, and green-yellow; on the color wheel made up of red yellow blue (RGB) primary, secondary, and tertiary colors.
13. The article of footwear of claim 1 , wherein the optical element has from 2 to 20 layers, each layer independently having a thickness of about 10 to 500 nanometers.
14. The article of footwear of claim 1 , wherein the structural color produced by the optical element is different from the color of the underlying textile surface.
15. The article of footwear of claim 1 , wherein the optical element contains no pigments and no dyes.
16. The article of footwear of claim 15 , wherein the structural color produced by the optical element is a single-hued color.
17. The article of footwear of claim 1 , wherein the optical element has a thickness of 10 to 500 nm.
18. The article of footwear of claim 1 , wherein the structural color produced by the optical element is a single-hued color.
19. The article of footwear of claim 1 , wherein the optical element has from 2 to 20 layers, each layer independently having a thickness of about 10 to 500 nanometers, the optical element comprises at least two adjacent layers having different refractive indices and at least one of the layers has a thickness that is about one-fourth of the wavelength of the visible light to be reflected by the optical element to produce the structural color, wherein the optical element contains no pigments and no dyes, and the structural color produced by the optical element is a single-hued color.