Hemodialyzer for blood purification
The present disclosure relates to a dialyzer comprising a bundle of semipermeable hollow fiber membranes which is suitable for blood purification, wherein the dialyzer has an increased ability to remove larger molecules while at the same time it is able to effectively remove small uremic toxins and efficiently retain albumin and larger proteins. The invention also relates to using said dialyzer in hemodialysis.
1. A hemodialyzer for the purification of blood comprising a bundle of hollow fiber membranes prepared from a solution comprising 10 to 20 wt.-% of at least one hydrophobic polymer component, 2 to 11 wt.-% of at least one hydrophilic polymer component, and at least one solvent, wherein the membranes have a molecular retention onset (MWRO) of between 9.0 kDa and 14.0 kDa and a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of between 55 kDa and 130 kDa as determined by dextran sieving before blood contact of the membrane,
wherein the inner diameter of the membrane is below 200 μm and the wall thickness of the membrane is below 40 μm.
2. The hemodialyzer of claim 1 , wherein the at least one hydrophobic component is chosen from the group consisting of polysulfone (PS), poly-ethersulfone (PES) and poly (aryl) ethersulfone (PAES), and wherein the at least one hydrophilic component is chosen from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethyleneglycol (PEG), polyvinylalcohol (PVA), and a copolymer of polypropyleneoxide and poly-ethyleneoxide (PPO-PEO).
3. The hemodialyzer of claim 1 , wherein at a blood flow of between 200-600 ml/min, a dialysate flow of between 300-1000 ml/min and an ultrafiltration rate of between 0-30 ml/min the hemodialyzer provides for clearance rates determined in vitro according to DIN EN ISO8637:2014 for a given substance which are equivalent to or higher than clearance rates of dialyzers comprising high flux membranes having a MWRO of between 5 kDa and 10 kDa and a MWCO of between 25 kDa and 65 kDa at the same blood flow rate and an ultrafiltration rate of more than 50 ml/min.
4. The hemodialyzer of claim 1 , wherein the packing density of the hollow fiber membranes is from 53% to 60%.
5. The hemodialyzer of claim 1 , wherein the fiber bundle consists of 80% to 95% crimped fibers and of 5% to 15% non-crimped fibers, relative to the total number of fibers in the bundle.
6. The hemodialyzer of claim 1 , wherein total albumin loss per treatment of 240 min±20% at a blood flow of between 200 ml/min and 600 ml/min, a dialysate flow of between 300 ml/min and 1000 ml/min and an ultrafiltration rate of between 0 and 30 ml/min is below 7 g.
7. The hemodialyzer of claim 1 , wherein the clearance rates for cytochrome C determined in vitro according to DIN EN ISO8637:2014 at a blood flow of between 200 ml/min and 500 ml/min and a dialysate flow of between 500 ml/min at an ultrafiltration rate of between 0 ml/min and 20 ml/min and with an effective surface area of from 1.6 m 2 and 1.8 m 2 are between 130 ml/min and 200 ml/min.
8. The hemodialyzer of claim 1 , wherein the membrane has a molecular retention onset (MWRO) of between 9.0 kDa and 12.5 kDa and a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of between 68 kDa and 110 kDa.
9. The hemodialyzer of claim 1 , wherein the membrane has an average effective pore size (radius) on the selective layer of the membrane as derived from the MWCO based on dextran sieving of above 5.0 nm and below 7.0 nm.
10. A method of purifying blood of a patient, said method comprising the step of using a hemodialyzer on the patient, wherein the hemodialyzer comprises a bundle of hollow fiber membranes prepared from a solution comprising 10 to 20 wt.-% of at least one hydrophobic polymer component, 2 to 11 wt.-% of at least one hydrophilic polymer component, and at least one solvent, wherein the membranes have a molecular retention onset (MWRO) of between 9.0 kDa and 14.0 kDa and a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of between 55 kDa and 130 kDa as determined by dextran sieving before blood contact of the membrane,
wherein the inner diameter of the membrane is below 200 μm and the wall thickness of the membrane is below 40 μm.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the at least one hydrophobic component is chosen from the group consisting of polysulfone (PS), poly-ethersulfone (PES) and poly (aryl) ethersulfone (PAES), and wherein the at least one hydrophilic component is chosen from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethyleneglycol (PEG), polyvinylalcohol (PVA), and a copolymer of polypropyleneoxide and poly-ethyleneoxide (PPO-PEO).
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein at a blood flow of between 200-600 ml/min, a dialysate flow of between 300-1000 ml/min and an ultrafiltration rate of between 0-30 ml/min the hemodialyzer provides for clearance rates determined in vitro according to DIN EN ISO8637:2014 for a given substance which are equivalent to or higher than clearance rates of dialyzers comprising high flux membranes having a MWRO of between 5 kDa and 10 kDa and a MWCO of between 25 kDa and 65 kDa at the same blood flow rate and an ultrafiltration rate of more than 50 ml/min.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the packing density of the hollow fiber membranes is from 53% to 60%.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the fiber bundle consists of 80% to 95% crimped fibers and of 5% to 15% non-crimped fibers, relative to the total number of fibers in the bundle.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein total albumin loss per treatment of 240 min±20% at a blood flow of between 200 ml/min and 600 ml/min, a dialysate flow of between 300 ml/min and 1000 ml/min and an ultrafiltration rate of between 0 and 30 ml/min is below 7 g.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the clearance rates for cytochrome C determined in vitro according to DIN EN ISO8637:2014 at a blood flow of between 200 ml/min and 500 ml/min and a dialysate flow of between 500 ml/min at an ultrafiltration rate of between 0 ml/min and 20 ml/min and with an effective surface area of from 1.6 m 2 and 1.8 m 2 are between 130 ml/min and 200 ml/min.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the membrane has a molecular retention onset (MWRO) of between 9.0 kDa and 12.5 kDa and a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of between 68 kDa and 110 kDa.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the membrane has an average effective pore size (radius) on the selective layer of the membrane as derived from the MWCO based on dextran sieving of above 5.0 nm and below 7.0 nm.
19. The hemodialyzer of claim 1 , wherein the membrane possesses an average sieving coefficient for albumin, measured in bovine plasma according to DIN EN ISO8637:2014 at a blood flow QB=400 ml/min and a ultrafiltration rate UF=25 ml/min of about 0.2.