Aromatization processes using both fresh and regenerated catalysts, and related multi-reactor systems
Multi-reactor systems with aromatization reactor vessels containing a catalyst with low surface area and pore volume, followed in series by aromatization reactor vessels containing a catalyst with high surface area and pore volume, are disclosed. Related reforming methods using the different aromatization catalysts also are described.
1. An aromatization process comprising:
(i) introducing a first hydrocarbon feed into at least one first reactor vessel comprising a first aromatization catalyst, and contacting the first hydrocarbon feed with the first aromatization catalyst under first reforming conditions to produce a first aromatic product; wherein:
the first aromatization catalyst comprises platinum and a first catalyst support, the first aromatization catalyst characterized by:
a first surface area in a range from about 80 m 2 /g to about 150 m 2 /g; and/or
a first micropore volume in a range from about 0.01 cc/g to about 0.048 cc/g;
(ii) discharging a first effluent comprising the first aromatic product from the at least one first reactor vessel;
(iii) heating the first effluent to form a second hydrocarbon feed;
(iv) introducing the second hydrocarbon feed into at least one second reactor vessel comprising a second aromatization catalyst, and contacting the second hydrocarbon feed with the second aromatization catalyst under second reforming conditions to produce a second aromatic product; wherein:
the second aromatization catalyst comprises platinum and a second catalyst support, the second aromatization catalyst characterized by:
a second surface area in a range from about 160 m 2 /g to about 260 m 2 /g; and/or
a second micropore volume in a range from about 0.05 cc/g to about 0.09 cc/g; and
(v) discharging a second effluent comprising the second aromatic product from the at least one second reactor vessel, wherein:
the first catalyst support and the second catalyst support comprise a KL-zeolite and a binder comprising alumina, silica, a mixed oxide thereof, or a mixture thereof;
the first aromatization catalyst and the second aromatization catalyst further comprise chlorine and fluorine;
the first aromatization catalyst is a regenerated catalyst;
the first aromatization catalyst has a lower platinum dispersion than that of the second aromatization catalyst; and
the first aromatization catalyst has an aromatics selectivity that is substantially the same as or better than that of the second aromatization catalyst.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein:
the first surface area is in a range from about 85 m 2 /g to about 140 m 2 /g;
the first micropore volume is in a range from about 0.015 cc/g to about 0.045 cc/g;
the second surface area is in a range from about 165 m 2 /g to about 240 m 2 /g; and
the second micropore volume is in a range from about 0.05 cc/g to about 0.085 cc/g.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the first aromatization catalyst to the second aromatization catalyst is in a range from about 1:2 to about 1:20.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first aromatization catalyst contains more carbon, more sulfur, and/or more iron than that of the second aromatization catalyst.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first aromatization catalyst has from 10% to 30% lower platinum dispersion than that of the second aromatization catalyst.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein:
the first aromatization catalyst is characterized by a platinum dispersion in a range from about 30% to about 50%; and
the second aromatization catalyst is characterized by a platinum dispersion in a range from about 60% to about 75%.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein:
the at least one first reactor vessel comprises from 1 to 3 first reactor vessels in series; and
the at least one second reactor vessel comprises from 2 to 6 second reactor vessels in series.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein:
the first aromatization catalyst has a lower catalyst activity than that of the second aromatization catalyst; and/or
the first aromatization catalyst has a benzene+toluene selectivity that is substantially the same as or better than that of the second aromatization catalyst.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein:
the first aromatization catalyst comprises from about 0.3 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of platinum; and
the second aromatization catalyst comprises from about 0.3 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of platinum.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein:
the first aromatic product and the second aromatic product, independently, comprise benzene, toluene, or a combination thereof; and
the first reforming conditions and the second reforming conditions, independently, comprise a reforming temperature in a range from about 350° C. to about 600° C.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first reactor vessel and the at least one second reactor vessel are radial flow reactors.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the first aromatization catalyst to the second aromatization catalyst is in a range from about 1:5 to about 1:15.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first aromatization catalyst and the second aromatization catalyst, independently, comprise from about 0.3 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of platinum.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein:
the first surface area is in a range from about 85 m 2 /g to about 140 m 2 /g;
the first micropore volume is in a range from about 0.02 cc/g to about 0.04 cc/g;
the second surface area is in a range from about 160 m 2 /g to about 220 m 2 /g; and
the second micropore volume is in a range from about 0.055 cc/g to about 0.09 cc/g.
15. The process of claim 13 , wherein:
a weight ratio of the first aromatization catalyst to the second aromatization catalyst is in a range from about 1:2 to about 1:20;
the first aromatization catalyst has from 10% to 30% lower platinum dispersion than that of the second aromatization catalyst; and
the first aromatic product and the second aromatic product, independently, comprise benzene, toluene, or a combination thereof.
16. The process of claim 13 , wherein:
the first aromatization catalyst is characterized by a platinum dispersion in a range from about 30% to about 50%; and
the second aromatization catalyst is characterized by a platinum dispersion in a range from about 60% to about 75%.
17. The process of claim 13 , wherein:
the first aromatization catalyst has a lower catalyst activity than that of the second aromatization catalyst; and
the first aromatization catalyst has a benzene+toluene selectivity that is substantially the same as or better than that of the second aromatization catalyst.