Waveguide aperture design for geo satellites
An antenna array includes multiple array modules. Each array module includes at least on antenna element including a horn antenna coupled to a polarizer, and a two-piece waveguide filter. The two-piece waveguide filter includes a folded-back waveguide coupled to the horn antenna at one end and to a circuit layer at the other end. The horn antenna includes a multi-mode horn antenna. The two-piece waveguide filter includes a first piece and a second piece that are separately molded. A footprint of the two-piece waveguide filter is within a footprint of an aperture of the horn antenna.
1. An antenna array comprising:
a plurality of array modules, an array module of the plurality of array modules comprising at least one antenna element including:
a horn antenna coupled to a polarizer; and
a two-piece waveguide filter including a folded-back waveguide coupled to the horn antenna at one end and to a circuit layer at another end,
wherein:
the horn antenna comprises a multi-mode horn antenna,
the two-piece waveguide filter comprises a first piece and a second piece separately molded, and
a first footprint of the two-piece waveguide filter is within a second footprint of an aperture of the horn antenna.
2. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the multi-mode horn antenna comprises one of a square multi-mode horn antenna or a hexagonal multi-mode horn antenna.
3. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the antenna element is a high aperture efficiency antenna element having aperture efficiency better than about 90%.
4. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the antenna element is a low return loss antenna element having a return loss lower than about −25 dB within a Ku band.
5. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the two-piece waveguide filter comprises a substantially rectangular waveguide, and wherein a split line of the first piece and the second piece substantially runs through a middle of an H-plane wall where no electric current crosses.
6. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the two-piece waveguide filter comprises a Ka-band diplexer with a transmit (TX) band center frequency of about 20 GHz and a receive (RX) band center frequency of about 30 GHz.
7. The antenna array of claim 6 , wherein an aperture efficiency of the antenna element is better than about 98% in a first 1-GHz bandwidth within the TX band, and better than about 87% in a second 1-GHz bandwidth within the RX band.
8. The antenna array of claim 6 , wherein a return loss of the antenna element is less than about −23 dB within the TX band, and less than about −25 dB within the RX band.
9. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the polarizer comprises one of a waveguide polarizer or a planar polarizer, and wherein the planar polarizer is a meanderline polarizer that comprises a multilayer polarizer, and wherein each layer of the multilayer polarizer comprises a kapton film substrate and surface layer strip meanders.
10. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the first piece and the second piece comprise one of molded glass filled polymer or a polymer coated with an electrically-conductive layer.
11. A method of providing an antenna array element for a phased array, the method comprising:
forming a horn antenna using a polymer material, the horn antenna having a square;
forming a waveguide filter including a folded-back waveguide by separately molding a first piece and a second piece; and
coupling the waveguide filter to the horn antenna via the folded-back waveguide,
wherein a first footprint of the waveguide filter is within a second footprint of an aperture of the horn antenna.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein forming the horn antenna comprises a forming a multi-mode horn antenna, and wherein the polymer material is coated with an electrically-conductive layer.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein separately molding the first and the second piece comprise using a polymer, and wherein the method further comprises bonding the first piece to the second piece using a silver filed epoxy.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising coating the horn antenna and the waveguide filter using multiple metal layers and an anti-corrosion finish layer.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
forming a multilayer polarizer by forming each polarizer layer by forming surface layer strip meanders on a kapton film substrate and coupling polarizer layers using foam spacers; and
coupling the multilayer polarizer to the antenna array element.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein forming the waveguide filter comprises framing a substantially rectangular waveguide, and wherein a split line of the first piece and the second piece runs through a middle of an H-plane wall of the waveguide filter where no electric current crosses.
17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising coupling the waveguide filter to a stripline feed of a multi-layer board (MLB) using a feed probe.
18. An apparatus comprising:
a plurality of subarrays, each of the plurality of subarrays comprising a plurality of array modules, each array module comprising a plurality of array elements including:
a horn antenna having a square aperture; and
a waveguide filter including a first piece and a second piece, the first piece and the second piece being separately molded, and the first piece including a folded-back waveguide,
wherein:
the folded-back waveguide is a 90-degree fold-back waveguide and is coupled to the horn antenna, and
a first footprint of the waveguide filter is within a second footprint of an aperture of the horn antenna.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the horn antenna comprises a multi-mode horn antenna, wherein the waveguide filter is coupled to a stripline feed of a multi-layer board (MLB) using a feed probe.
20. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the waveguide filter comprises a substantially rectangular waveguide, and wherein a split line of the first piece and the second piece runs through a middle of an H-plane wall of the waveguide filter where no electric current crosses.