Smart braking devices, systems, and methods with signal conditioners
Various braking devices, systems, and methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the braking device includes a support element, a block of friction material supported by the support element, at least one piezoceramic sensor supported by the support element and interposed between the block of friction material (and the support element, and a protective element located at the piezoceramic sensor and embedding the latter. The protective element can have one or more layers of resin-based material applied to protect the piezoceramic sensor and direct a predetermined part of the external compression force onto an area of the support element surrounding the piezoceramic sensor. In some embodiments, a signal transduction device is provided and includes at least one piezoceramic sensor supported on a support element and has an integral protective coating having properties of mechanical and temperature resistance.
1. A sensorized brake pad comprising:
a backplate;
a block of friction material supported by the backplate;
a passive electrical circuit interposed between the backplate and the block of friction material, the passive electrical circuit including
a piezoelectric sensor configured to generate a sensor signal, and
a passive conditioning stage configured to generate an analog conditioned signal based on conditioning the sensor signal; and
an active conditioning stage physically separated from and thermally decoupled from the passive conditioning stage, wherein
the active conditioning stage is configured to generate an analog output signal based on processing the analog conditioned signal.
2. The sensorized brake pad of claim 1 , further comprising a connector, wherein the passive conditioning stage is integrated into the connector.
3. The sensorized brake pad of claim 2 , wherein the passive conditioning stage is integrated into a fixed part of the connector and the active conditioning stage is integrated into a flying part of the connector.
4. The sensorized brake pad of claim 1 , further comprising a connector, wherein the active conditioning stage is integrated into the connector.
5. The sensorized brake pad of claim 1 , wherein the active conditioning stage is separated from the passive conditioning stage by at least about 2 cm.
6. The sensorized brake pad of claim 1 , further comprising a transmitter configured to receive the analog output signal and to transmit a wireless signal representing the analog output signal to a control unit that is located externally from the sensorized brake pad.
7. The sensorized brake pad of claim 1 , wherein the passive conditioning stage comprises a resistor electrically connected in parallel with the piezoelectric sensor.
8. The sensorized brake pad of claim 1 , wherein the passive conditioning stage comprises a resistor and a capacitor, wherein a first end of the resistor is electrically connected to a first terminal of the piezoelectric sensor via the capacitor, and wherein a second end of the resistor is electrically connected to a second terminal of the piezoelectric sensor.
9. The sensorized brake pad of claim 1 , wherein the passive conditioning stage is integrated on the backplate.
10. The sensorized brake pad of claim 1 , wherein the active conditioning stage is physically separated from and thermally decoupled from the backplate and the block of friction material.
11. The sensorized brake pad of claim 1 , the sensorized brake pad further comprising a cable configured to connect the passive conditioning stage and the active conditioning stage, wherein the active conditioning stage is integrated in the cable.
12. A method of generating brake pad data for a vehicle, the method comprising:
generating a sensor signal using a piezoelectric sensor interposed between a backplate and a block of friction material of a brake pad;
generating an analog conditioned signal based on conditioning the sensor signal using a passive conditioning stage;
generating an analog output signal based on processing the analog conditioned signal using an active conditioning stage, the active conditioning stage being physically separated from and thermally decoupled from the passive conditioning stage;
providing the analog output signal to a control unit that is located externally from the brake pad; and
processing the analog output signal using the control unit to generate brake pad data.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein processing the analog output signal using the control unit comprises digitizing the analog output signal to generate a digitized signal, integrating the digitized signal to generate an integrated signal, and generating the brake pad data by low frequency noise filtering of the integrated signal.
14. An electrical system for generating brake pad data for a vehicle, wherein the electrical system comprises:
a piezoelectric sensor interposed between a backplate and a block of friction material of a brake pad, the piezoelectric sensor configured to generate a sensor signal;
a passive conditioning stage configured to generate an analog conditioned signal based on conditioning the sensor signal;
an active conditioning stage physically separated from and thermally decoupled from the passive conditioning stage, the active conditioning stage configured to generate an analog output signal based on processing the analog conditioned signal; and
a control unit configured to process the analog output signal to generate the brake pad data, wherein the brake pad data comprises a digital representation of the sensor signal.
15. The electrical system of claim 14 , wherein the active conditioning stage comprises an operational amplifier configured to buffer the analog conditioned signal.
16. The electrical system of claim 14 , wherein the passive conditioning stage comprises a resistor electrically connected in parallel with the piezoelectric sensor.
17. The electrical system of claim 14 , wherein the control unit comprises a digitizer configured to generate a digital signal based on digitizing the analog output signal, a digital integration stage configured to generate a digital integrated signal based on integrating the digital signal, and a low frequency noise filtering stage configured to generate the brake pad data based on filtering the digital integrated signal.
18. The electrical system of claim 14 , further comprising a cable, wherein the sensorized brake pad comprises a connector, wherein the cable electrically connects the control unit to the sensorized brake pad via the connector.
19. The electrical system of claim 14 , further comprising a transmitter configured to receive the analog output signal and to transmit a wireless signal representing the analog output signal to the control unit.
20. The electrical system of claim 14 , wherein the active conditioning stage is physically separated from and thermally decoupled from the backplate and the block of friction material.