Lightweight composite materials produced from carbonatable calcium silicate and methods thereof
An aerated composite material produced from carbonatable calcium silicate compositions (carbonation cured AAC) that has a compressive strength equivalent to autoclaved aerated concrete (ordinary AAC) at substantially the same density and a process of production of the same are provided. The composite material of the present invention comprises: a plurality of bonding elements, each including a core comprising calcium silicate, a first layer which partially or fully surrounds the core and is rich in SiO 2 , and a second layer which partially or fully surrounds the first layer and is rich in CaCO 3 ; a plurality of filler particles having their particle sizes ranging from 0.1 μm to 1000 μm; and a plurality of voids; wherein the plurality of bonding elements and plurality of filler particles together form a bonding matrix and are substantially evenly dispersed in the matrix and bonded together, the plurality of voids are bubble-shaped and/or interconnected channels, a pore volume with a radius of 0.004 μm to 10.0 μm in the plurality of voids is 0.30 ml/composite material 1 g or less, and a estimated compressive strength expressed by the following formula (1): estimated compressive strength (absolute dry density=0.50)=compressive strength×(0.50+absolute dry density) 2 is 2.0 N/mm 2 or greater.
1. A composite material comprising:
a plurality of bonding elements, each including a core comprising calcium silicate, a first layer which partially or fully surrounds the core and is rich in SiO 2 , and a second layer which partially or fully surrounds the first layer and is rich in CaCO 3 ;
a plurality of filler particles having particle sizes of 0.1 μm to 1000 μm;
wherein the plurality of bonding elements and plurality of filler particles together form a bonding matrix and are substantially evenly dispersed in the matrix and bonded together, the bonding matrix having a pore volume;
the pore volume comprises pores with a radius greater than 10.0 μm,
the pore volume further comprising 0.142-0.247 ml/1.0 g of composite material of pores with a radius of 0.004 μm to 10.0 μm,
the composite material having an absolute dry density, as measured after drying a sample of the composite material in a convection dryer at 110° C. for at least 4 days, of 0.50 g/cm 3 or more,
the composite material having an estimated compressive strength, when the compressive strength is measured at an absolute dry density of 0.50 g/cm 3 , expressed by the following formula (1): Estimated compressive strength=compressive strength×(0.50÷absolute dry density) 2 of 2.0 N/mm 2 or more.
2. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the pore volume comprised of pores with a radius of 0.004 μm to 10.0 μm in the composite material is 0.24 ml/1 g of composite material or less and the estimated compressive strength is 2.5 N/mm 2 or more.
3. The composite material according to claim 2 , wherein the pore volume comprised of pores with a radius of 0.004 μm to 10.0 μm in the composite material is 0.19 ml/1 g of composite material or less and the estimated compressive strength is 3.7 N/mm 2 or more.
4. The composite material according to claim 3 , wherein the pore volume comprised of pores with a radius of 0.004 μm to 10.0 μm in the composite material is 0.17 ml/1 g of composite material or less and the estimated compressive strength is 4.5 N/mm 2 or more.
5. The composite material according to claim 4 , wherein the pore volume comprised of pores with a radius of 0.004 μm to 10.0 μm in the composite material is 0.15 ml/1 g of composite material or less and the estimated compressive strength is 5.0 N/mm 2 or more.
6. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of bonding elements is chemically transformed from ground calcium silicate selected from natural or synthetic sources.
7. The composite material according to claim 6 , wherein the ground calcium silicate comprises one or more of a group of calcium silicate phases selected from CS (wollastonite or pseudowollastonite), C3S2 (rankinite), C2S (belite, lamite, bredigite), an amorphous calcium silicate phase, each of which material optionally comprises one or more metal ions or oxides, or blends thereof.
8. The composite material according to claim 7 , wherein the plurality of bonding elements are chemically transformed from ground calcium silicate by reacting the ground calcium silicate with CO 2 via a controlled hydrothermal liquid phase sintering (HLPS) process.
9. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the filler particles are a CaO-rich material.
10. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the filler particles are selected from the group consisting of lime and quartz.
11. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the filler particles are selected from the group consisting of industrial waste, lime, slag, and silica fume.
12. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of voids are formed by hydrogen gas, which is generated by reacting an aerating agent in an alkaline environment.
13. The composite material according to claim 11 , wherein the aerating agent is a powder which includes at least one of aluminum, iron, calcium carbonate, and blends of the same.
14. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein
the pore volume comprising 0.142-0.181 ml/1.0 g of composite material of pores with a radius of 0.004 μm to 10.0 μm,
the composite material having an absolute dry density, as measured after drying a sample of the composite material in a convection dryer for at least 4 days, of 0.58 g/cm 3 to 0.67 g/cm 3 , and
the composite material having an estimated compressive strength, when the compressive strength is measured at an absolute dry density of 0.50 g/cm 3 , expressed by the formula (1) of 3.85-5.48 N/mm 2 or more.
15. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the composite material has an absolute dry density of 0.51 g/cm 3 to 0.67 g/cm 3 .
16. A carbonation-cured composite material comprising:
a plurality of bonding elements, each including a core comprising calcium silicate, a first layer which partially or fully surrounds the core and is rich in SiO 2 , and a second layer which partially or fully surrounds the first layer and is rich in CaCO 3 , wherein the plurality of bonding elements are chemically transformed from ground calcium silicate by reacting the ground calcium silicate with CO 2 by a carbonation reaction;
a plurality of filler particles having particle sizes of 0.1 μm to 1000 μm;
wherein the plurality of bonding elements and plurality of filler particles together form a bonding matrix and are substantially evenly dispersed in the matrix and bonded together;
a pore volume comprising pores with a radius greater than 10.0 μm, the pore volume further comprising 0.142-0.247 ml/1.0 g of composite material of pores with a radius of 0.004 μm to 10.0 μm,
the composite material having an absolute dry density, as measured after drying a sample of the composite material in a convection dryer at 110° C. for at least 4 days, of 0.50 g/cm 3 or more,
the composite material having an estimated compressive strength, when the compressive strength is measured at an absolute dry density of 0.50 g/cm 3 , of 2.0 N/mm 2 or more.