Device and method of producing a structured element, and structured element
A method produces a structured element by machining a workpiece with pulsed laser radiation, the workpiece including a workpiece material transparent to the laser radiation, the laser radiation being radiated into the workpiece from an entry side and, in an area of a rear side of the workpiece located opposite the entry side, being focused within the workpiece in a focus area such that workpiece material is removed in the focus area by multi-photon absorption, and includes bringing the rear side of the workpiece, at least in a machining area currently being machined around the focus area, into contact with a free-flowing liquid transparent to the laser radiation, wherein at least some of the liquid flows in a direction towards the machining area such that the liquid flows into the machining area at an angle of 60° or less to the rear side.
1. A method of producing a structured element by material-removing machining of a workpiece with pulsed laser radiation,
the workpiece consisting of a workpiece material transparent to the laser radiation, the laser radiation being radiated into the workpiece from a radiation entry side and, in an area of a rear side of the workpiece located opposite the radiation entry side, being focused within the workpiece in a focus area such that workpiece material is removed in the focus area by multi-photon absorption, comprising bringing the rear side of the workpiece, at least in a machining area currently being machined around the focus area, into contact with a free-flowing liquid transparent to the laser radiation, wherein at least some of the liquid is set to flow in a direction towards the machining area such that the liquid flows into the machining area at an acute angle of 60° or less to the rear side.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the angle is 20° to 60°.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid in the machining area is set vibrating ultrasonically during the machining, and ultrasound is injected into the liquid and transferred to the machining area by the machining liquid.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid is led to the rear side in the form of a free liquid jet, and the workpiece is oriented horizontally or obliquely.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid is provided in a liquid container and the workpiece is dipped into the machining liquid, at least with its rear side.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein ultra-short-pulse laser radiation is radiated in for the material-removing machining, and ultra-short-pulse laser radiation with a pulse length of at most 50 picoseconds is radiated in.
7. A device that produces a structured element by material-removing machining of a workpiece with pulsed laser radiation to perform the method according to claim 1 , comprising:
a pulsed laser source that produces pulsed laser radiation with a wavelength to which the workpiece material is substantially transparent;
a holding apparatus that holds the workpiece in a machining position such that the laser radiation can be radiated onto the workpiece from a beam entry side;
focusing optics that focus the pulsed laser radiation through the beam entry side into a focus area on a rear side of the workpiece, located opposite the beam entry side, for the rear-side ablation of material from the workpiece by multi-photon absorption; and
a positioning apparatus that variably positions the focus area in relation to the workpiece; and
a liquid-providing apparatus that brings the rear side of the workpiece, at least in a machining area currently being machined around the focus area, into contact with a free-flowing liquid, wherein the liquid-providing apparatus has a pump and at least one nozzle that produces a flow of the liquid in a direction towards the focus area, and the nozzle is aligned such that the liquid flows into the machining area at an acute angle of 60° or less to the rear side.
8. The device according to claim 7 , wherein the liquid-providing apparatus is configured to lead the liquid to the rear side in the form of a free liquid jet, and the holding apparatus is configured to hold the workpiece with a horizontal or oblique orientation, and/or the nozzle is trackable.
9. The device according to claim 7 , wherein the liquid-providing apparatus has a liquid container that can be filled with the liquid and is arranged in relation to the holding apparatus such that the workpiece held in the holding apparatus can dip into the liquid, at least with the rear side.
10. The device according to claim 7 , wherein an injection element arranged between the focusing optics and the holding apparatus, is transparent to the wavelength of the laser radiation and designed to inject the laser radiation into the liquid held in the liquid container.
11. The device according to claim 7 , comprising an ultrasonic source that produces an ultrasonic vibration in the liquid, at least on the rear side in the machining area.
12. The device according to claim 7 , wherein the pulsed laser source is an ultra-short-pulse laser source and a pulse length of the pulsed laser radiation is at most 50 ps.
13. The device according to claim 7 , wherein the positioning apparatus has a laser beam deflection apparatus for the controllable deflection of the laser radiation in relation to the workpiece.
14. The device according to claim 7 , further comprising a nozzle element connected downstream of the focusing optics and having a nozzle opening through which the laser radiation can pass, and the nozzle element is configured, when connected to a compressed gas source, to generate a gas flow directed at the jet-inlet side.
15. A structured element consisting of a workpiece material transparent to laser radiation and, on at least one side, having a three-dimensional surface structure, wherein the structured element can be obtained by the method according to claim 1 .