Flame resistant fabrics having cellulosic filament yarns
Flame resistant fabrics that have incorporated into them cellulosic filament yarns. The cellulosic filament yarns may be flame resistant (either inherently FR or treated so as to be FR) or non-flame resistant. Fabrics according to some embodiments are formed entirely of cellulosic filament yarns. However, fabrics according to some embodiments include additional yarns to ensure that the fabric complies with NFPA 1971 and/or 2112.
1. A flame resistant fabric comprising first yarns and second yarns, wherein:
(i) the first yarns consist of filament yarns consisting of non-flame resistant cellulosic material;
(ii) the second yarn comprise flame resistant spun yarns comprising FR modacrylic fibers; and
(iii) the fabric has a machine and cross-machine direction and a thermal shrinkage of 10% or less in both the machine and cross-machine directions when tested in accordance with ISO 17493 (2000).
2. The flame resistant fabric of claim 1 , wherein the non-flame resistant cellulosic material comprises rayon or lyocell.
3. The flame resistant fabric of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the flame resistant spun yarns comprise 30-90% FR modacrylic fibers.
4. The flame resistant fabric of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the flame resistant spun yarns further comprise at least one of cellulosic fibers or inherently flame resistant fibers other than FR modacrylic fibers.
5. The flame resistant fabric of claim 4 , wherein the at least some of the flame resistant spun yarns comprise approximately 40-70% FR modacrylic fibers, approximately 30-40% cellulosic fibers, and approximately 10-15% aramid fibers.
6. A flame resistant fabric comprising first yarns having a first yarn material composition and second yarns having a second yarn material composition different from the first yarn material composition, wherein:
(i) the first yarns consist of filament yarns consisting of the first yarn material composition, wherein the first yarn material composition consists of flame resistant cellulosic material;
(ii) the second yarns comprise filament yarns, spun yarns, or stretch broken yarns;
(iii) the fabric has a machine direction and a cross-machine direction and the first yarns and the second yarns are both provided in at least one of the machine direction or the cross-machine direction of the fabric; and
(iv) the fabric has a thermal shrinkage of 10% or less in both the machine and cross-machine directions when tested in accordance with ISO 17493 (2000).
7. The flame resistant fabric of claim 6 , wherein the flame resistant cellulosic material comprises flame resistant rayon or flame resistant lyocell.
8. The flame resistant fabric of claim 6 , wherein the second yarns comprise filament yarns.
9. The flame resistant fabric of claim 6 , wherein the second yarns comprise inherently flame resistant materials.
10. The flame resistant fabric of claim 9 , wherein the inherently flame resistant materials comprise para-aramid, meta-aramid, PBI, PBO, or liquid crystal polymer material.
11. The flame resistant fabric of claim 6 , wherein the fabric further comprises third yarns having a third yarn material composition different from the first yarn material composition and the second yarn material composition.
12. The flame resistant fabric of claim 6 , wherein the second yarns comprise spun yarns.
13. The flame resistant fabric of claim 6 , wherein the fabric comprises at least one second yarn for every fifteen first yarns in the at least one of the machine direction or the cross-machine direction of the fabric.
14. The flame resistant fabric of claim 6 , wherein:
the second yarns comprise inherently flame resistant materials;
the fabric further comprises flame resistant third yarns having a third yarn material composition different from the first yarn material composition and the second yarn material composition;
the first yarns and the second yarns are both provided in one of the machine direction or the cross-machine direction of the fabric; and
the third yarns are provided in the other of the machine direction or the cross-machine direction of the fabric.
15. A flame resistant composite fabric comprising a first fabric attached to a second fabric, wherein the first fabric comprises first yarns having a first yarn material composition and second yarns having a second yarn material composition different from the first yarn material composition, wherein:
(i) the first yarns consist of filament yarns consisting of the first yarn material composition, wherein the first yarn material composition consists of flame resistant cellulosic material;
(ii) the second yarns comprise filament yarns, spun yarns, or stretch broken yarns;
(iii) the first fabric has a machine direction and a cross-machine direction and the first yarns and the second yarns are both provided in at least one of the machine direction or the cross-machine direction of the first fabric; and
(iv) the composite fabric has a thermal shrinkage of 10% or less when tested in accordance with ISO 17493 (2000).
16. The flame resistant composite fabric of claim 15 , wherein the composite fabric is a thermal liner having a char length of less than or equal to four inches and an afterflame of less than or equal to two seconds when tested in accordance with ASTM D6413 (1999).
17. The flame resistant composite fabric of claim 15 , wherein the composite fabric further comprises a third fabric to which the first and second fabrics are attached.
18. The flame resistant composite fabric of claim 15 , wherein the flame resistant cellulosic material comprises rayon or lyocell.
19. The flame resistant composite fabric of claim 15 , wherein the second yarns comprise inherently flame resistant materials.
20. The flame resistant composite fabric of claim 15 , wherein the first fabric further comprises third yarns having a third yarn material composition different from the first yarn material composition and the second yarn material composition.
21. The flame resistant composite fabric of claim 20 , wherein:
the first yarns and the second yarns are both provided in one of a machine direction or a cross-machine direction of the first fabric;
at least one second yarn is provided in the one of the machine direction or the cross-machine direction for every fifteen first yarns in the one of the machine direction or the cross-machine direction; and
the third yarns are provided in the other of the machine direction or the cross-machine direction of the first fabric.
22. The flame resistant composite fabric of claim 21 , wherein at least one of the second yarns or the third yarns comprise inherently flame resistant fibers.
23. The flame resistant fabric of claim 1 , wherein the fabric has a char length of less than or equal to four inches and an afterflame of less than or equal to two seconds when tested in accordance with ASTM D6413 (1999).
24. The flame resistant fabric of claim 6 , wherein the fabric has a char length of less than or equal to four inches and an afterflame of less than or equal to two seconds when tested in accordance with ASTM D6413 (1999).
25. The flame resistant fabric of claim 11 , wherein the second yarns and the third yarns each comprise spun yarns comprising inherently flame resistant fibers.
26. The flame resistant fabric of claim 14 , wherein:
the first yarns and the second yarns are both provided only in the one of the machine direction or the cross-machine direction of the fabric; and
the third yarns are only provided in the other of the machine direction or the cross-machine direction of the fabric.
27. A flame resistant composite fabric comprising a first fabric attached to a second fabric, wherein the first fabric comprises first yarns and second yarns and wherein:
(i) the first yarns consist of filament yarns consisting of non-flame resistant cellulosic material;
(ii) the second yarns comprise flame resistant spun yarns comprising FR modacrylic fibers; and
(iii) the composite fabric has a thermal shrinkage of 10% or less when tested in accordance with ISO 17493 (2000).
28. The flame resistant composite fabric of claim 27 , wherein the composite fabric is a thermal liner having a char length of less than or equal to four inches and an afterflame of less than or equal to two seconds when tested in accordance with ASTM D6413 (1999).
29. The flame resistant composite fabric of claim 27 , wherein the composite fabric further comprises a third fabric to which the first and second fabrics are attached.
30. The flame resistant fabric of claim 27 , wherein at least some of the flame resistant spun yarns further comprise at least one of cellulosic fibers or inherently flame resistant fibers other than FR modacrylic fibers.
31. The flame resistant fabric of claim 30 , wherein the at least some of the flame resistant spun yarns comprise approximately 40-70% FR modacrylic fibers, approximately 30-40% cellulosic fibers, and approximately 10-15% aramid fibers.