Stabilizers and bearings for extreme wear applications
Downhole tools such as bearing assemblies and stabilizers are described for withstanding abrasive and erosive wear in operation. These stabilizers and bearing assemblies employ wear-resistant hard materials such as TSP, PCD, leached WC, and SCD composite materials. A bond between a braze material and wear tiles constructed of a hard phase material may include a non-planar interface with the braze material. Self-lubricating materials may be provided within the braze material or the hard material in some instances.
1. A bearing for downhole tools, the bearing comprising:
a male sleeve component defining an exterior wear surface thereon;
a female bushing component defining interior wear surface thereon for engaging the exterior wear surface of the male sleeve component in operation; and
a plurality of hard phase materials interspersed within a matrix material on at least one of the exterior wear surface and the interior wear surface, the hard phase materials including at least one of the group consisting of a thermally stable polycrystalline diamond (TSP) material, a tungsten carbide (WC) material, and an anti-abrasion material,
wherein the hard phase materials are disposed on wear tiles supported by the matrix material, and wherein the matrix material is a softer braze material; and
wherein the hard phase materials of the wear tiles are coated with a coating having a greater wettability with the braze material than the hard phase materials.
2. The bearing according to claim 1 , wherein the hard phase materials include a silicon carbide bonded diamond composite TSP, a leached PCD or diamond bonded with other types of catalysts with a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to diamond.
3. The bearing according to claim 1 , wherein the hard phase materials include the TSP material on the exterior wear surface of the male sleeve component, and wherein the interior wear surface of the female bushing component includes a PDC compact material thereon.
4. The bearing according to claim 3 , wherein a lower portion of the exterior wear surface includes the TSP material and wherein an upper portion of the exterior wear surface includes a WC material.
5. The bearing according to claim 1 , wherein the hard phase materials include the TSP material on both the exterior wear surface and the interior wear surface.
6. The bearing according to claim 1 , wherein the wear tiles include a non-planar interface with the softer braze material.
7. The bearing according to claim 6 , wherein the non-planar interface includes a leached surface on the wear tile including a distribution of voids defined therein.
8. The bearing according to claim 7 , wherein the distribution of voids is non-uniform defining an interface region where relatively large voids are disposed and a wear region where relatively small voids are disposed.
9. The bearing according to claim 1 , wherein the softer braze material is reinforced with hard phase particles interspersed therein.
10. The bearing according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the hard phase material and the matrix material is reinforced with lubricating particles.
11. The bearing according to claim 10 , wherein the lubricating particles are at least one of hexagonal Boron Nitride particles or Tungsten Disulfide particles.
12. The bearing according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the exterior wear surface and the interior wear surface includes a plurality of channels running through a length thereof.
13. The bearing according to claim 12 , wherein the channels are obliquely arranged with respect to a longitudinal axis of the wear surface.
14. A wear surface for a stabilizer, kick plate, composite bearing or radial bearing for a rotary steerable tool, downhole turbine or motor, the wear surface comprising:
a substrate;
a plurality of wear tiles constructed of a hard phase material including a TSP material tungsten carbide (WC), and anti-abrasion material; and
a filler material interposing the wear tiles and binding the wear tiles to the substrate, wherein the hard phase material of the wear tile is coated with a coating having a greater wettability with the filler material than the hard phase material.
15. The wear surface according to claim 14 , wherein the filler material includes a matrix material and a plurality of hard phase particles reinforcing the matrix material.
16. The wear surface according to claim 15 , wherein the hard phase particles include at least one of a spherical cast carbide, an encapsulated diamond particle, and the TSP material.
17. The wear surface according to claim 14 , wherein the hard phase material of the wear tile is a WC material, and wherein the coating is a nanostructured tungsten carbide-based coating.
18. The wear surface according to claim 14 , wherein the substrate defines a plurality of pockets therein, and wherein the wear tiles are arranged to protrude from the pockets.